+ What Every Driver Must Know

Introduction

What Every Driver Must Know contains information about operating a motor vehicle safely on Michigan road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) s. Although this publication includes information about many Michigan traffic laws, it is not meant as a legal document or as a substitute for the Michigan Vehicle Code. Information in this publication is subject to change.

A list of frequently called Secretary of State telephone numbers, the Web site address, and other department resources referred to throughout the text are printed on the inside back cover.

Please remember that driving is a privilege, and not a right. Drivers must drive responsibly and safely, obey traffic laws, and never drink and drive. Finally, buckle up and make sure all passengers do too. It is the law!

Before you read further, consider these facts about driving in Michigan. In 2001:

�: 400,813 motor vehicle crashes were reported. More than 1,328 people died and more than 112,294 people were injured.
�: Almost 30 percent of all fatal traffic crashes occurred at an intersection.
�: Alcohol was involved in more than 419 fatal crashes.
�: Four out of five accidental deaths for young people ages 15-24 were due to motor vehicle crashes.
�: Motor vehicle crashes remained the number one cause of accidental death for young children, far outpacing the next two most frequent causes: fire and drowning.
�: Nearly 30 percent of all pedestrian fatalities occurred when crossing streets other than at intersections.
�: Excessive speed was a factor in more than 13.2 percent of fatal crashes.
�: The economic loss in Michigan traffic crashes totaled $9,421,709,300.
�: Motorcycles were involved in more than 3,228 traffic crashes, resulting in 90 deaths and 2,593 injuries.

2001 Michigan Traffic Crash Data—Michigan Department of State Police

Michigan Driver’s License

Information

You must be licensed to operate a motor vehicle on public streets and highways. This section provides information about the requirements and procedures for obtaining and renewing a Michigan driver’s license. The licensing procedures and requirements differ depending on an applicant’s age. All applicants must meet requirements listed under General Licensing Requirements.

Michigan Residents

You are considered a Michigan resident if you have a permanent home or employment in Michigan with the intention of remaining in the state.

New Michigan Residents

If you are a new Michigan resident, you must immediately apply for a Michigan driver’s license at any Secretary of State branch office. You must surrender your current out-of-state driver’s license because Michigan law permits drivers to hold only one valid driver’s license at a time. If your previous driver’s license is suspended or revoked, your application for a Michigan driver’s license will be denied or cancelled. You must contact your previous home state to clear the outstanding issues before making another application for a Michigan driver’s license.

You will be required to pass a vision test and pay a fee. No other test is required. Secretary of State branch offices do not accept credit or debit cards. Payment must be by cash, check, or money order.

The Secretary of State will contact your previous home state to obtain your driver record, which then becomes part of your Michigan driver record.

General Licensing Requirements

You must meet certain requirements before a Michigan driver’s license can be issued. If you are age 18 or older, you are not required to take driver education, although it is strongly recommended.

Teenagers under age 18 are required to successfully meet the requirements of Michigan’s Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) program before they can be licensed. This requirement is waived if you have had an out-of-state license for more than a year. For more information, please turn to the section on GDL in this booklet.

You will not be issued a license if you have never been licensed and you have two or more convictions for moving violations on your driver record within the three years prior to the date you apply. To be eligible to reapply, you must wait until you have no more than one conviction on your driver record within the three years prior to the date you reapply.

If you are age 18 or older, before you can get a Michigan driver’s license you must:

�: Present proof of identity.
�: Pass a vision test and meet health standards set by the Secretary of State's office.
�: Pass a knowledge test.
�: Pay the appropriate license fee.
�: Complete a minimum 30 days of practice driving on a Temporary Instruction Permit (TIP).
�: Pass a road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) skills test. The road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) skills test will be administered by an independent testing agency approved by the Secretary of State. A person with a valid out-ofstate driver’s license may have this requirement waived.

If you meet the above requirements, you will be issued a driver’s license after paying the appropriate fees. In some instances, because of medical conditions or other reasons, restrictions may be placed on your driver’s license. Should any special licensing conditions be required, these conditions or restrictions will be printed on the driver’s license. Drivers licensed for the first time will be placed on probation for a minimum of three years. Please refer to information about Michigan’s Probationary License Program in this booklet.

The Driver’s License Process

Providing Proof of Identity

The following are accepted as valid proof of identity. Only original documents will be accepted. Photocopies or facsimiles cannot be used. Documents in foreign languages must be translated into English. For more information about translation requirements, contact a Secretary of State branch office.

Primary Group identification documents must show your full name and date of birth. Primary Group documents include items such as a certified birth certificate, a valid driver’s license, state identification card, an out-of-state driver’s license or identification card, or a passport.

Secondary Group identification documents include items such as a marriage license, divorce decree, photo identification card issued by a Michigan governmental agency, or school records from a Michigan or out-of-state school, college, or university.

A complete list of acceptable documents is available on the Secretary of State Web site, at branch offices, by fax, or through the department’s Driver and Vehicle Information Center. Please see the inside back cover of this booklet for telephone numbers and the web site address.

�: If you are age 18 or older, you must present at least one Primary Group document and two other documents from the Primary or Secondary groups.
�: If you are under 18, and applying for a Graduated Driver Licensing Level 1 License, you must present at least one item from the Primary Group.

Physical Standards

The Secretary of State staff will ask you a few general health questions as part of the screening procedure. Your application may be denied pending additional medical information should the Secretary of State staff believe your physical condition might prevent you from safely operating a motor vehicle.

Vision Test

You will be given a vision test to determine if your vision meets minimum standards. If corrective lenses are needed to pass the test, your driver’s license will show you must wear corrective lenses while driving. If you fail the vision test, your eye-care specialist must complete a vision statement.

A favorable vision statement means a driver’s license can be issued. Sometimes special driving limitations, such as “daytime driving only,” will be required if a vision statement indicates it. If the vision statement is not favorable, your driver’s license application will be denied.

Knowledge Test

You will be given a knowledge test to determine how well you know Michigan traffic laws and safe driving practices. Applicants age 18 or older will be given this test at the Secretary of State branch office when applying for a Temporary Instruction Permit. Teens in the Graduated Driver Licensing program must pass a knowledge test as a part of the Segment One driver education class.

If you are required to take a knowledge test for your original operator’s or chauffeur’s license, arrive at the Secretary of State branch office at least one hour before closing to allow enough time to complete the test.

If you have difficulty speaking or reading English, branch office staff will provide a list of available spoken language interpreters. Printed translations of the knowledge tests are also available in many languages. Please contact the branch office in advance to obtain a list of interpreters. Hearing-impaired customers can request a sign language interpreter in advance of a branch office visit or may use an interpreter they know.

Temporary Instruction Permit (TIP)

ATemporary Instruction Permit (TIP) allows you to practice driving with a licensed adult for up to 180 days. A TIP is issued if you are age 18 or older and:

�: You never been licensed.
�: Your license expired more than four years ago.
�: You hold an expired out-of-country driver’s license.

If you have not had a valid driver’s license in the past four years, a TIP is optional.

Before obtaining a TIP, you must pass a vision and written knowledge test. In certain cases, a road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) sign test may also be required. After practicing your driving with a licensed adult for at least 30 days, you are eligible to apply for a Michigan driver’s license. A road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) skills test must be taken before you can apply for a driver’s license.

road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) Skills Test

You will need to take a road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) skills test if:

�: You are applying for a Level 2 License under Graduated Driver Licensing.
�: You are age 18 or older, have never been licensed and are applying for an original driver’s license.
�: Your last driver’s license has been expired for more than four years.

The road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) skills test may be waived if you are converting a driver’s license issued by another state.

Eligibility requirements for taking a road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) skills test differ depending on your age. If you are:

� Under age 18, you must have completed Segment Two of Graduated Driver Licensing; logged at least 50 hours of supervised driving, including 10 hours at night; have held a Level 1 License for at least 180 days; and must not have any convictions, civil infractions, license suspensions or at-fault crashes during the 90-day period immediately preceding

your road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) skills test and application for your Level 2

License.

� Over age 18, you must first obtain a Temporary Instruction Permit before taking a road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) skills test. You may be required to complete a 30-day practice period.

road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) skills tests are administered by independent third-party testing agencies approved by the Secretary of State.

A list of approved third-party testing agencies is available at all branch offices and from the Secretary of State Web site. Be sure to ask the third-party testing agency you choose about their fees before scheduling your test. The Secretary of State does not set the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) skills test fee.

The first part of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) skills test requires you to pass a series of off-street, closed-course maneuvers. After passing the first part, you must then pass an on-road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) driving test to receive your road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) skills certificate. The road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) skills test includes urban, expressway, rural highway, and residential driving.

Complete study information is provided in the Secretary of State publication road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) Skills Test Study Guide available at any branch office, or on the Secretary of State Web site. You should review this study guide thoroughly before taking the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) skills test.

Restricted License Due to Disability or Illness

When applying for an original or renewal driver’s license, you may be requested to provide a Physician’s Statement of Examination. A vision statement may be requested in some cases. A physician licensed in Michigan or another state must complete the physician’s statement. A physician’s statement is required if the Secretary of State has reason to believe you have had a fainting spell, blackout, seizure, or other loss of consciousness in the preceding six months. For a chauffeur or commercial driver’s license, you must not have had any blackouts, fainting spells, or seizures within the last 12 months.

A physician’s statement is also needed for any physical or mental infirmity, impairment, disability, or disease that affects your ability to drive safely. A physician must accurately describe your condition, including any disability or illness, and any medications you have been taking. The physician’s statement will be reviewed by the Secretary of State Driver Assessment Division to determine if you meet Michigan’s physical and mental standards. The form must be returned within 45 days to the Michigan Department of State, Lansing, Michigan 48918-1601.

�: If a physician’s statement does not indicate a physical or mental impairment, and if all other standards are met, an unrestricted driver’s license may be issued.
�: If a physician’s statement indicates a physical or mental condition that may affect your ability to drive safely, a restricted driver’s license limiting when or where you can drive may be issued.
�: If a restricted driver’s license is issued because of a disability or illness, a periodic driver reexamination may be required.
�: If a physician’s statement indicates a serious physical or mental condition at the time you renew your driver’s license, you will be required to attend a driver reexamination. The reexamination will evaluate your ability to operate a motor vehicle safely. Every effort will be made to help you keep your driver’s license and continue to drive safely.

Changing Information on Your License

It is important to make sure your driver’s license lists your correct name and residential address. If you need to change your name as it appears on your driver’s license, bring your valid license and proof of the name change, such as a marriage certificate, divorce decree, or passport to a Secretary of State branch office. The name change will be processed and a new license will be issued for a fee.

Michigan law requires that your driver’s license address, which is the address of your place of residence, match the address on your voter registration card. You may submit a change of address either at a Secretary of State branch office or by mail. If you are submitting a change of address at a branch office, make sure to bring your driver’s license. You will be given a sticker with your new address for the back of your driver’s license. There is no fee for this service.

You may also submit a change of address by mail.

Change-of-address forms are available on the Secretary of State Web site and through Fax-on-Demand. Complete the form and mail it to the address specified at the bottom.

When you submit a change of address, the procedures for updating your voter registration address will also be explained. Please be advised that your driver’s license may be suspended if you fail to change your address with the Secretary of State.

The Decision To Give Up Driving

Choosing to give up your privilege to drive can be a difficult decision. When you finally decide to “leave the driving to someone else,” return your driver’s license to a branch office, where you may obtain a state identification card. The state ID card is free to those 65 years of age or older. Those under 65 applying for a state ID card must pay a fee, unless your driving privilege was denied due to a physical or mental disability. A state ID card is used in place of the driver’s license for identification purposes.

Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL)

Under Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL), teen drivers under age 18 must complete two segments of driver education classroom instruction and meet the requirements for each of the three GDL licensing levels. Driving privileges are increased at each new licensing level as the teen driver gains greater skill and confidence. Graduated Driver Licensing requirements, driving privileges, and driver education requirements are outlined on pages 15–19. Parents or legal guardians of teen drivers will find additional information in the booklet Michigan’s Graduated Driver Licensing: A Guide for Parents. This publication is available on the Secretary of State Web site, at branch offices by request, and is distributed to driver education classes.

Driver Education Certification

Teens may enroll in driver education at age 14 years, 8 months. Teens are required to complete a two-segment driver education course. These segments provide information about traffic safety, basic vehicle operation, laws, and regulations as well as on-the-road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) driving experience. For additional information about driver education requirements, please visit the Michigan Department of Education Web site at

www.michigan.gov/mde

Parental Consent and Support

The Secretary of State is working with parents to help ensure teen drivers become safe and courteous drivers. As a parent or legal guardian, you are often the best judge of your teen driver’s progress, skill, and maturity behind the wheel. Involvement from you is crucial to the coaching, learning, and driving experience of your teen driver so he or she becomes a safe driver. Although Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) requires teens to complete 50 hours of supervised driving, you are encouraged to provide supervision beyond this minimum.

You also have the legal right to request that your teen be held at a certain GDL level, dropped back a level, or have all driving privileges canceled if you believe your teen is not ready to handle certain driving responsibilities. Forms for changing the status of your teen’s GDL driving privileges are available at any Secretary of State branch office. GDL ends for all teens at age 18.

Graduated Driver Licensing Summary

Driver Education—Segment One

Graduated Driver Licensing requires drivers under age 18 to complete two segments of driver education. Segment One must include:

: 24 hours of in-class instruction.
: 6 hours of behind-the-wheel instruction.

A teen must be 14 years, 8 months old to enroll in a Segment One driver education course.

Once a teen successfully completes Segment One, a green Michigan Department of Education Segment One Certificate of Completion is issued by the driver education instructor. The certificate of completion is not a permit to drive and may not be used as a driver’s license.

Level 1 License

After the driver education instructor issues the green Segment One certificate, the teen and parent should go to a Secretary of State branch office immediately to apply for a Level 1 License. A teen must be at least 14 years, 9 months old to apply.

A parent or legal guardian must accompany the teen to sign the application. The parent or legal guardian must sign the application or the teen driver will not be issued a Level 1 License. Signing indicates parental/legal guardian approval for licensing of a minor.

The Level 1 License is a paper license. No photograph will be taken until the Level 2 License is issued.

To obtain a Level 1 License, the teen and a parent or legal guardian must go to a Secretary of State branch office and present a:

�: Primary Group identification document to verify the full name and date of birth of the teen. The teen must be at least 14 years, 9 months old to apply for the Level 1 License. (See page 9 for more information about Primary Group identification documents.)
�: Green Michigan Department of Education Segment One Certificate of Completion.

The teen must pass the vision and health standards prescribed by the Secretary of State. A parent or legal guardian must be present to sign the Level 1 License application, granting approval.

With a Level 1 License, the teen driver may only drive while accompanied by a licensed parent, legal guardian, or designated adult age 21 or older. Among other requirements, a teen must hold a Level 1 License for at least 180 days to be eligible for a Level 2 License.

Driver Education—Segment Two

Segment Two of driver education consists of six hours of classroom instruction. Driver education instructors may also provide some on-the-road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) driving instruction, although it is not required.

To enroll in a Segment Two driver education course, the teen must have:

�: Completed a Segment One driver education course at least 90 days prior to enrolling in Segment Two.
�: Obtained a Level 1 License.
�: Completed at least 30 of the mandatory 50 hours of parent-teen driving, which includes 2 of the 10 hours of nighttime driving.

When the teen completes Segment Two, a white Michigan Department of Education Segment Two Certificate of Completion will be issued by the driver education instructor.

Level 2 License

A teen will advance from a Level 1 License to a Level 2 License, provided all of the mandatory requirements, including a road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) skills test, have been met. Teens must complete both Segment One and Segment Two of the driver education course to qualify for a Level 2 License. Teens cannot have a moving violation resulting in a conviction or civil infraction determination, or been involved in an at-fault crash during the 90-day period immediately preceding application. The Level 2 License requires the teen to be photographed.

To obtain a Level 2 License, teens and their parent or legal guardian must go to a Secretary of State branch office and present:

�: Proof the teen is at least 16 years old. (The Level 1 License is acceptable proof.)
�: Proof that they have had a Level 1 License for a minimum of 180 days. If the Level 1 License is lost, please refer to page 26 for information about replacing it.
�: The white Michigan Department of Education Segment Two Certificate of Completion.
�: A log book or other records documenting the teen’s 50 hours of supervised driving with a licensed parent, legal guardian, or designated adult age 21 or older. Graduated Driver Licensing requires 10 of the 50 hours of supervised driving to be completed at night.

A Level 2 License allows teens to drive unsupervised except between midnight and 5 a.m., when a licensed parent, legal guardian, or designated adult age 21 or older must accompany them. Teens who must drive between midnight and 5 a.m. because of work are not required to have an adult with them. They should be able to provide proof they are traveling directly to or from work.

Level 3 License

A teen will automatically advance to a Level 3 License provided he or she is age 17, has met all driving requirements, and has parental authorization. This authorization is granted when the parent or legal guardian signs for the teen’s Level 2 License. If the parent does not authorize automatic advancement to a Level 3 License, the teen will remain at Level 2 until the parent accompanies the teen to a Secretary of State branch office and grants authorization, or until the teen turns 18.

If the parent has authorized the teen to automatically advance to a Level 3 License and the teen has successfully met all licensing requirements, the Level 3 License will be mailed to the teen. There is no need to go to a branch office.

To obtain a Level 3 License, the teen must:

�: Be at least 17 years old.
�: Have driven at Level 2 for a minimum of six months.
�: Have completed 12 consecutive months of driving without a moving violation, an at-fault crash that resulted in a moving violation, a license suspension or a violation of a Graduated Driver License restriction.

A Level 3 License grants full driving privileges. Graduated Driver Licensing ends for all teens when they are 18.

Probationary Program

New drivers, including teen drivers under Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL), are placed on probation for a minimum of three years. The probationary period is a way for the Secretary of State to monitor the driving performance of new drivers. Probation is a separate program from GDL, but works like GDL to help new drivers reduce their crash risk and drive safely.

Traffic Violations While on Probation

Each traffic violation posted on your driver record during probation will result in a contact by the Secretary of State. If your driver record shows unsafe driving behavior, including speeding, stop sign violations, and crashes, you may be required to undergo a driver assessment reexamination. At a driver assessment reexamination, a restriction, suspension, or combination of both may be imposed on your license.

Probationary licensing controls will also extend the time a young driver holds a Graduated Driver Licensing Level 1 or 2 License. The purpose of probationary licensing controls is to reduce the risk of a traffic crash and encourage safe driving.

Ending Probation

To complete probation, you must drive the last 10 months of your probationary period without receiving any tickets or driver’s license suspensions, or causing any crashes. Failure to do so will automatically extend your probation until you can demonstrate you are a safe driver by remaining violation and crash free for a 10-month period.

The first two years after probation are called post probation. You are subject to a driver reexamination during this time if you have nine or more points and an alcoholrelated ticket or crash, or other at-fault crash.

Points placed on your driver record during probation or post probation are not automatically erased when probation and post probation end. Points remain on your driver record for two years from the conviction date. If you have 12 or more points on your driver record, you will be required to attend a driver assessment reexamination, regardless of whether those points were issued during probation or post probation.

For additional information about probation, visit the Secretary of State Web site.

Other Licenses and Endorsements

Most Michigan drivers will only need an operator’s license. However, professions such as taxi driver, school bus driver, or commercial truck driver require special licensing and endorsements.

Chauffeur License

You must be at least 16 years of age, completed driver education, and passed a chauffeur’s license knowledge test before a chauffeur’s license can be issued. A chauffeur’s license is required if you:

�: Are employed for the principal purpose of operating a motor vehicle or combination of vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rate (GVWR), Gross Combined Weight Rate (GCWR), Gross Vehicle Weight (GVW) or Gross Combined Weight (GCW) of 10,000 pounds or more.
�: Operating a motor vehicle as a carrier of passengers or as a common or contract carrier of property.
�: Operating a bus, school bus, taxi or limousine.

Drivers operating single vehicles or vehicles in combination with a GVW, GVWR, GCW, or GCWR of 10,000 pounds or more must also meet Michigan’s Commercial Driver License (CDL) requirements, including possession of the appropriate medical card or medical waiver. If a CDL group designator or endorsement is required, it will be added to the chauffeur’s license.

Certain operations are exempt from requiring a chauffeur’s license, including operating a motor vehicle for a volunteer program when you only receive reimbursement for the vehicle’s operating costs; operating a motor home for personal use; or a parent shuttling students to and from school and school-related events. For more information, please refer to the brochure Your Michigan Chauffeur License available at Secretary of State branch offices or from the Secretary of State Web site.

Commercial Driver License

Before you can operate a commercial motor vehicle, you must be at least age 18 and hold a Michigan Commercial Driver License (CDL). A commercial vehicle endorsement will be required in addition to a group designation when operating double trailers, tank vehicles, vehicles carrying hazardous materials, and buses.

Knowledge, vision, and skills tests are also required. You will need a CDL with the proper group designation to operate the following vehicles:

Group A:

� Combination vehicles that tow trailers or other vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of 10,001 pounds or more when the gross combination weight rating is 26,001 pounds or more.

Unless certain restrictions or additional endorsements apply, the Group A designation allows the operation of Group B and Group C vehicles.

Group B:

�: A vehicle with a GVWR of 26,001 pounds or more.
�: May tow trailers or other vehicles with a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less

Unless certain restrictions or additional endorsements apply, the Group B designation allows the operation of

Group C vehicles.

Group C:

� Small single vehicles with a GVWR less than 26,001 pounds or small vehicles with a GVWR less than 26,001 pounds towing trailers or other vehicles that:

�: Are designed to transport 16 or more persons (including the driver).
�: Carry hazardous materials in amounts requiring placards (also requires the HazMat endorsement).

CDL Temporary Instruction Permit

A CDL Temporary Instruction Permit (TIP) allows you to practice driving only under the supervision of a CDL driver licensed with the appropriate group designation for the type of commercial vehicle you are operating. A CDL TIP may be obtained after passing all the required knowledge tests and is valid for 180 days from the date of issue. There is no minimum time you must have a CDL TIP before taking the skills tests.

All CDL applicants must show a valid Michigan operator or chauffeur photo driver’s license, along with the appropriate CDL TIP before taking their CDL skills test. If the applicant is converting to a chauffeur-based driver’s license, a “clipped” or “punched” Michigan operator photo driver’s license with the temporary chauffeur’s permit is acceptable.

All out-of-state CDL applicants must wait until they receive their Michigan operator or chauffeur photo driver’s license to take the CDL skills test. Skills tests are administered by third-party testing agencies—public or private agencies authorized by the Secretary of State. A list of approved third-party testing agencies is available at any Secretary of State branch office, from the Secretary of State Web site, or Fax-on-Demand. For more information about Fax-on-Demand, see the inside back cover of this booklet.

Additional CDL Information

Contact a Secretary of State branch office for information about specific CDL exceptions for active duty military (including the National Guard), firefighters, police officers, and farmers. Applicants may request a copy of the CDL Manual from any Secretary of State branch office or download a copy from the Secretary of State Web site. The CDL manual contains all the information needed to apply and study for your CDL written and skills tests.

For information about other commercial driver qualifications, including the physical/medical requirements contact:

Trucks and Commercial Buses

Michigan State Police

Motor Carrier Division

P.O. Box 30632 Lansing, MI 48911-0001 517/336-6195 www.michigan.gov/msp

Michigan Trucking Association

1131 Centennial Way

Lansing, MI 48917

517/321-1951

www.mitrucking.org

School Buses

Michigan Department of Education

Office of School Support Services

P.O. Box 30008 Lansing, MI 48909 517/373-6388 www.michigan.gov/mde

Moped License

If you have a valid operator’s or chauffeur’s license, you are allowed to operate a moped on public road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) ways. If you do not have a valid operator’s or chauffeur’s license and are at least age 15, you may apply for a moped license at a Secretary of State branch office. You are not eligible for a moped license if your operator’s or chauffeur’s license is suspended, revoked, or denied—unless the suspension is for a medical reason. For more information, obtain a copy of the brochure Riding A Moped Safely at a Secretary of State branch office or from the Secretary of State Web site.

Motorcycle Endorsement

To operate a motorcycle on public road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) s, you must have a valid Michigan driver’s license with a motorcycle endorsement. The fee for the motorcycle endorsement is added to your driver’s license fee.

To obtain a motorcycle endorsement you must:

�: Pass a motorcycle knowledge test at a Secretary of State branch office.
�: Complete a motorcycle safety course approved by the Michigan Department of Education OR pass a motorcycle skills test administered by a third-party testing agency approved by the Secretary of State.
�: If you fail the skills test twice, you must present proof of passing an approved motorcycle safety course.
�: If you are age 16 or 17, you are required to complete a motorcycle safety course.

Amotorcycle Temporary Instruction Permit (TIP) is issued if you are at least 16 years old and hold a valid Michigan driver’s license or driver’s license TIP. Applicants ages 16 and 17 must present proof of enrollment in, or completion of, a motorcycle safety course. This requirement may be waived if you have a valid license or endorsement to operate a motorcycle from another state.

Amotorcycle TIP is valid for 150 days. When using a motorcycle TIP you must be under the constant visual supervision of a licensed motorcycle operator at least age

18. While using a motorcycle TIP, you may not carry passengers or operate your motorcycle at night.

For more information, obtain a copy of the Michigan Motorcycle Operator Manual from a Secretary of State branch office or visit the Secretary of State Web site.

Recreational Double R Endorsement

A “recreational double” is a pickup truck pulling a fifth-wheel trailer designed for recreational living purposes, with a second trailer attached to the rear of the fifth-wheel trailer. The pickup truck must have a towing rate equal to, or greater than, the total weight being towed. To operate a recreational double, you must have an “R” endorsement on your driver’s license. Anyone age 18 or older with a valid driver’s license may apply for this endorsement at a branch office. A knowledge test is required. There is no skills test. Drivers holding a Group “A” CDL with a “T” double or triple trailers endorsement can operate a recreational double without the “R” endorsement. Triple trailers are not permitted in Michigan. For more information, obtain a copy of the brochure A Recreational Double Endorsement at a Secretary of State branch office or visit the Secretary of State Web site.

Renewing Your Michigan Driver’s License

The Renewal Process

A driver’s license is usually valid for four years and expires on your birthday in the year shown on the license's upper right corner. If you are under age 21, your driver’s license will expire on your 21st birthday.

To remind you to renew your driver’s license, the Secretary of State sends a renewal notice about 45 days before expiration. The renewal notice is sent to the address listed on department records. Do not let your driver’s license expire unless you will no longer be driving. Driving without a valid license is illegal.

A driver’s license will not be renewed if your driver record shows six or more unpaid parking tickets, or if your driver’s license has been suspended or revoked. When renewing your driver’s license at a branch office, a vision screening will be given. A new photograph will also be taken. When renewing at a Secretary of State branch office, fees must be paid by cash, money order, or check. Credit or debit cards are not accepted at branch offices.

Convenient Renewal by Mail

You are eligible to renew your driver’s license by mail if you did not renew by mail the last time, you do not hold a commercial driver’s license and you are not listed on the sex offender registry. If your renewal notice states “You cannot renew your license by mail,” then you must go to a Secretary of State branch office to renew. Renewal by mail is easy. Payment must be made by check, money order, or VISA, Mastercard or Discover credit cards. To register to vote, or update a voter registration, complete and return the form enclosed with your renewal application.

After renewing by mail, your next driver’s license renewal must be completed at a Secretary of State branch office.

If there is any change in your physical or mental condition that may affect your ability to drive since you last renewed, you must come to a branch office regardless of what the renewal notice says. Plan to renew at least two weeks before your current license expires. Your physician may need to fill out a special form from the branch office before your license is renewed.

If you have a Commercial Driver License (CDL), you cannot renew by mail. You must go to a branch office for a vision test and to have your eligibility checked through state and national driver records. Motorists with a CDL whose driving privilege has been suspended, revoked, canceled or denied in Michigan or any other state will not be able to renew their CDL until the matter is resolved.

Special Renewals

Duplicate License: If your driver’s license has been lost, destroyed, mutilated, or is illegible, apply for a duplicate at a Secretary of State branch office. Identification documents are required to issue a replacement license, such as certified birth certificates, U.S. or Canadian passports, marriage licenses, and photo identification cards issued by a Michigan governmental agency. Contact a Secretary of State branch office for a complete list of acceptable documents and specific requirements. Please be aware that photocopies and facsimiles are not adequate proof. Only original documents will be accepted. You may also renew your driver’s license at the same time if your license expires within one year.

Early Renewals: A driver’s license may be renewed up to six months early at a branch office if you are unable to renew it on time for any reason.

Out-of-State Renewal by Mail: If you are temporarily residing out of state and cannot return to Michigan to renew your driver’s license, you may renew it by mail, or you may choose to get a special driving permit. With the permit, your driver’s license is valid for 90 days after its expiration, or for two weeks after you return to Michigan, whichever happens first.

To request a special driving permit application form, please provide the following information in writing: your first, middle, and last names; date of birth; driver’s license number; home and out-of-state addresses; and length of time expected to be out of Michigan. Mail your request to the Secretary of State at:

Michigan Department of State Out-of-State Resident Services Lansing, Michigan 48918-1502 Telephone: 517/322-1473

License Lost While Out of State: If you are out of state and lose your license, you may request a special 90-day permit allowing you to drive back to Michigan. As soon as you return, you should immediately apply for a new driver’s license at a Secretary of State branch office.

To request the special 90-day driving permit, please follow the instructions for obtaining a permit under Out of State Renewal by Mail.

Military Personnel and Dependents: If a driver’s license expires while you are on active duty in the U.S. military, it remains valid until 30 days from the date of your next leave, or until 30 days after your discharge, whichever comes first. Military personnel driving on an expired license should carry their leave or discharge papers.

If you are on duty out of state, you may renew your driver’s license using out-of-state renewal by mail procedures. Michigan residents in the military who are stationed in Michigan must renew their driver’s license using the same procedures in-state drivers follow. The driver’s license of a military dependent is not granted the extension allowed for military personnel. However, a dependent's license may be renewed through the mail.

Driving in a Foreign Country

For most travelers planning a vacation or business trip abroad(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) , a Michigan driver’s license or an International Driving Permit is sufficient to drive in a foreign country. AAA and the National Automobile Club (NAC), an affiliate of the American Automobile Touring Alliance, are the two organizations authorized by the U.S. Department of State to issue International Driving Permits.

To obtain an International Driving Permit, you must be at least 18 years old and have a valid driver’s license. International Driving Permits are valid for one year and accepted in more than 150 countries. They are not a substitute driver’s license, but a supplemental document providing a translation of your driver’s license information. International Driving Permits are not valid in the country that issued them. Contact your local AAA branch office or visit the NAC web site at www.nationalautoclub.com for more information.

Obtaining a French or German Driver’s License

If you plan to live in France or Germany for one year or more, you may take advantage of the driver’s license reciprocity agreements Michigan has with these countries. Reciprocity agreements allow Michigan residents to waive many or all of the requirements for obtaining a driver’s license issued in that country.

To obtain a French or German driver’s license, submit the following to the American Embassy in France or Germany:

�: Official identification such as an identity card, passport, or local residency certificate.
�: A recent photograph.
�: Your Michigan driver’s license translated into French/German.
�: A statement written and signed by you stating your Michigan driver’s license is valid.

There may be additional criteria, such as passing a written test or a road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) test, which must be met before a French driver’s license is issued. Check with the American Embassy in Paris for more information. If you wish to obtain a driver’s license issued in a country that does not have a reciprocity agreement with Michigan, you must fulfill all of that country's requirements before the license will be issued.

Special Information

and Programs

The Secretary of State oversees many areas involving traffic safety issues, automobile and other vehicle registration, and licensing issues. This section provides information about several programs not directly related to motor vehicles, such as voter registration and organ donor programs.

Voter Registration Information

You must be registered to vote to participate in Michigan elections. Eligible residents may register at a Secretary of State branch office.

If you are at a branch office applying for, renewing, or updating information on your driver’s license, you also will be provided with an opportunity to register to vote.

To register to vote you must be:

�: AU.S. citizen.
�: At least 18 years of age on or before election day.
�: A resident of Michigan and the city or township where you are registering to vote.

In addition to Secretary of State branch offices, you may register by mail or at your local county, city, or township clerk’s office. You must register at least 30 days before the election. If you move within your city or township, you must change the address on your voter registration. If you move to another city or township, you must register to vote in that jurisdiction.

If the address you provide on a voter registration application does not match the residential address on your driver record, your driver record will be updated to match your voter registration. If you are registering to vote at a clerk’s office, a change-of-address sticker will be mailed to you for your driver’s license.

The Secretary of State will enclose a voter registration application with your renewal notice if you are eligible to renew your driver’s license by mail. To register, fill out the voter registration form and send it with your driver’s license renewal form. Voter registration forms may also be printed from the Secretary of State Web site. If you are already registered and your address has not changed, there is no need to mail the voter registration form.

Organ Donor Program

The Secretary of State provides you with several convenient methods for designating organ donor wishes. If you wish to be an organ donor, fill out a Secretary of State organ donor registry card, and sign the back of your driver’s license. Most importantly, discuss your wishes with your family.

To have your name placed on the Michigan Organ and Tissue Donor Registry, fill out an organ donor registry enrollment card available at any Secretary of State branch office. Enrollment cards are also mailed with driver’s licenses and state identification cards, and are available on the Secretary of State Web site. You may also register to be an organ donor online through the Web site.

The Michigan driver’s license and state identification card have space on the back to write organ and tissue donor information. Before completing this information, the area should be cleaned with rubbing alcohol and allowed to dry.

If you have a driver’s license or state ID card issued before Spring 1998, you can make your organ donor wishes known by obtaining an organ donor sticker for the back of your license at a Secretary of State branch office.

The Secretary of State is committed to promoting greater organ donor awareness. Each year, more than 2,000 Michigan residents wait for an organ or tissue transplant.

For more information about organ donation, telephone toll-free:

Gift of Life Agency of Michigan 1-800-482-4881

National Kidney Foundation of Michigan

1-800-482-1455

American Liver Foundation

1-800-GO-LIVER (46-54837)

State Identification Cards

A state identification card can be issued to any eligible resident, regardless of age. You may not have a state ID card and a Michigan driver’s license unless your license has been restricted, suspended, or revoked. To obtain a state ID card, visit a Secretary of State branch office. Proof of identification will be required before a state ID card will be issued. Please refer to “Providing Proof of Identity” in Chapter 1 or contact a Secretary of State branch office, Fax-on-Demand, or the Secretary of State Web site for more information about acceptable identification. All identification is subject to Secretary of State approval.

There is a fee for a state ID card, but the cards are issued free to residents who are blind, age 65 or older, or who have had their driving privileges terminated due to a mental or physical disability. Your state ID card expires four years from your last birthday and may be renewed by mail. Under Michigan law, a state ID card is as valid as a driver’s license for identification purposes.

Your Michigan

Driver Record

Michigan maintains a driver record for every driver. The driver record contains information the Secretary of State is required to maintain, such as moving violations, traffic crashes, and alcohol-related convictions. Drivers with unsatisfactory records may be required to attend a driver reexamination, face possible loss of their license, and pay reinstatement fees. Safe drivers benefit by having a reduced risk of traffic crashes and serious injury, as well as lower insurance rates. Driving safely in Michigan matters.

Driving is a privilege. Once you obtain a driver’s license, you must continually show that you have the skill and knowledge to drive safely, or your driver’s license may be restricted, suspended, or revoked. The Secretary of State has access to accident information reported by law enforcement, and convictions for moving violations and certain drug violations from the courts. The Secretary of State is also notified of any traffic crashes, convictions, and findings of responsibility in other states. Convictions from other states will appear on your Michigan driver record.

Most convictions stay on your driver record for at least seven years. Certain convictions and licensing actions stay on your driver record for at least 10 years.

Under Michigan’s Driver Privacy Protection Act, personal information on your driver record is private and is not released to the general public unless there is a permissible use as prescribed by law. Some examples of permissible uses include insurance rating, automobile recalls, and driver verification for car rental companies. Personal information includes your name, address, driver’s license number, and similar information. Your driver record also contains information about at-fault crashes, as well as any civil or criminal moving violations you may have.

Traffic Tickets

When a uniformed law enforcement officer driving an official police vehicle signals you to stop, you must pull out of traffic and stop safely as soon as possible. The officer may stop you for a variety of reasons. You may be receiving an emergency message, the officer may believe you committed a violation, your vehicle may match the description of a stolen vehicle, or it may have defective equipment. You must be able to show your driver’s license, vehicle registration, and proof of insurance to the officer.

Michigan’s Point System

Under Michigan law, some traffic violations are civil infractions while others are misdemeanors or felonies. Depending on the violation and how it is resolved, you may be fined, referred to a special program or, in the most serious situations, sent to jail. In most cases, if you do not take care of a traffic ticket, your driver’s license will be suspended.

Each time you are convicted of a traffic violation, you will have to pay certain court fines and costs. In addition, points may be posted to your driver record. Under Michigan’s point system, each traffic violation has a point value, which is set by law in the Michigan Vehicle Code. Points are placed on your driver record only after you have been convicted or found guilty of, or responsible for, a civil infraction. Points placed on your driver record remain there for two years from the date of conviction. If you believe there are extenuating circumstances for the ticket you received, these must be submitted when you appear in court. The Secretary of State cannot set aside a court conviction or the points for it. The following shows the points for some traffic violations.

Points For Some Traffic Convictions*

Six Points:

�: Manslaughter, negligent homicide, or other felony involving use of a motor vehicle.
�: Operating under the influence of liquor or drugs, or with

any presence of a schedule 1 drug or cocaine. -Failing to stop and give identification at the scene of a

crash.

�: Reckless driving.
�: Unlawful bodily alcohol content of 0.08 or more.
�: Refusal to take a chemical test.
�: Fleeing or eluding a police officer.
�: Failure to yield causing death or injury of emergency responder, construction worker or person operating implements of animal husbandry.

Four Points:

�: Drag racing.
�: Impaired driving.
�: Under age 21 with any bodily alcohol content.
�: 16 mph or more over the legal speed limit.
�: Failure to yield/show due caution for emergency vehicles.

Three Points:

�: Careless driving.
�: Disobeying a traffic signal or stop sign or improper passing.
�: 11 through 15 mph over the legal speed limit.
�: Failure to stop at railroad(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) crossing.
�: Failure to stop for a school bus or for disobeying a school crossing guard.

Two Points:

�: 10 mph or less over the legal speed limit.
�: Open alcohol container in vehicle.
�: All other moving violations of traffic laws.
�: Refusal of Preliminary Breath Test (PBT) by anyone under age 21.

*Please note that snowmobile and off-road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) vehicle (ORV) alcohol-conviction points are placed on a driver record and may result in licensing action against your driving privileges even though the violation happened while operating a snowmobile or ORV. More information is provided in Section 11, on pages 104-105.

Obtaining a Copy of Your Driver Record

To obtain a copy of your driver record, submit the form Requesting Your Own Record BDVR-153, to the Michigan Department of State Record Lookup Unit. Forms are available through Fax-on-Demand, at branch offices, from the Secretary of State Web site, and the Record Lookup Unit. Driver records cannot be purchased at a branch office. A fee will be charged for each copy you request. Please contact the Record Lookup Unit at:

Michigan Department of State

Record Lookup Unit

Lansing, MI 48918

Telephone: 517/322-1624

Fax: 517/335-4329

Losing Your Privilege

to Drive

The privilege to drive is often taken for granted, but you may lose this privilege for a variety of reasons. Motorists who repeatedly drive while drunk or with a suspended license, or who may pose a safety threat to themselves or others on the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) due to a health condition, may be required to undergo a driver reexamination. This section provides information about the Secretary of State’s Driver Assessment Division, driver assessment reexaminations, how driving sanctions can affect your driver’s license, the Graduated Driver Licensing program, probation, and post probation.

Licensing Actions

Driver license restrictions, suspensions, and revocations

Your driver’s license may be restricted, suspended, or revoked depending on the situation. With a restricted license, you may only drive under the terms and conditions listed on the restricted license. If your license is suspended, your driving privileges are taken away for a period of time, ranging from days to years. A revoked license means you have lost all driving privileges. With a revocation, you must wait one to five years before you are eligible to request a relicensure hearing.

Mandatory licensing actions required by state law

Michigan law requires the Secretary of State to automatically restrict, suspend, or revoke your license for certain violations. For example, stealing motor fuel, reckless driving, drunk driving, and refusing to submit to a breath test will all result in mandatory restrictions, suspensions, or revocations.

Licensing actions imposed by the Secretary of State

The Secretary of State Driver Assessment Division may also impose driver’s license restrictions, suspensions, and revocations after a driver’s assessment exam. The actions taken against your driver’s license will depend on a number of factors, including the type of violation or unsafe driving behavior involved, your driving record, and your willingness to comply with assessment recommendations and requirements.

Driver Assessment Reexaminations

The Secretary of State Driver Assessment Division is responsible for conducting driver reexaminations as provided by the Michigan Vehicle Code. The Secretary of State may conduct a reexamination if there is reason to believe you are unable to operate a motor vehicle safely because of health reasons, crash involvement, or an unsatisfactory driver record. If you are under probation or Graduated Driver Licensing, you may be required to attend a driver reexamination after only one or two violations. The purpose of the driver reexamination is to discuss driving performance, determine the appropriate licensing controls to reduce driving risk associated with this performance, and encourage improvement. Licensing controls may include restrictions, suspensions, revocations, or a combination of these actions.

The Driver Assessment Reexamination Process

The Driver Assessment reexamination process determines your ability to safely operate a vehicle and if any licensing controls should be imposed. The reexamination may be court ordered, or requested because of unsafe driving due to a suspected medical condition or risky driving behavior.

Michigan law allows for a driver reexamination based on one or more of the following criteria:

�: The Secretary of State has reason to believe that you cannot drive safely due to a mental or physical condition.
�: You have been involved in a fatal accident.
�: You have been involved in three or more traffic accidents resulting in personal injury or property damage within the past two years.
�: You have accumulated 12 or more points within a two-year period.
�: You have been convicted of violating the restrictions, terms, or conditions of your license.

The reexamination process will require you to pass vision and knowledge tests and may require a road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) test. A medical statement may also be required for review. If you must attend a reexamination with a driver analyst, time will be provided for the analyst to review your record and discuss your driving behavior with you. If your license is restricted, suspended, or revoked, you will also be given your appeal rights and licensing reinstatement information.

Teen Drivers, Probationary Drivers, and Reexaminations

Teen drivers under Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) and drivers under probation may also be required to attend a driver assessment reexamination based on the violations posted to their driver records. Depending on the nature of the violation, a license may be restricted, or suspended for up to a year.

The parent or legal guardian of GDL drivers will be notified should their teen driver violate certain conditions of the GDL license. Any suspension action taken against a teen’s GDL license may delay advancement to the next GDL level.

Licensing controls may also extend probation. Safe driving not only reduces the risk of a traffic crash or violation, but it helps ensure that a teen or new driver will successfully complete GDL or probation on time.

Losing your privilege to drive – a note for teens

Michigan law deals harshly with teens that make bomb threats or file false reports about them. Teens convicted of this serious felony face several sanctions, including delayed entry into driver education and loss of their driving privileges. There is no appeal granted under the law.

�: Individuals younger than 14 years old who are unlicensed will be prohibited from taking any driver education until they are 16 years old and may not be issued their first graduated driver license until they are 17 years old.
�: Individuals 14-to-20 years old who are unlicensed will be prohibited from taking any driver education and may not be issued a driver’s license for three years from their conviction date.
�: Individuals 14-to-20 years old who are licensed will have their driver’s license suspended for one year, followed by a restricted license for up to two years.

Substance Abuse

and Driving

When you drink alcohol or use other drugs and drive, you endanger your life as well as the lives of your passengers and other motorists. Each year, thousands of people are killed or permanently disabled because someone drove under the influence of alcohol or other chemical substances. Michigan takes a strong stand against drivers who abuse substances and drive. This section provides information about drinking and driving, penalties for breaking the law, and the state’s tough Repeat Offender laws.

Drinking and Driving is Illegal

Drink and drive, and the results can be deadly. Several hundred people die every year in Michigan from alcohol-related crashes. The courts, law enforcement, state and local governments, as well as a number of private agencies, are working together to reduce and prevent the thousands of injuries and deaths that result from drunk driving in Michigan.

Under Michigan law, it is illegal to drive:

�: When under the influence of, or impaired by, alcohol, illegal drugs, and certain prescribed medications.
�: With a bodily alcohol content of 0.08 or more (driving while under the influence).
�: While visually impaired

If you are under age 21 it is against the law:

�: To drive with a bodily alcohol content of 0.02 or greater, or have any presence of alcohol other than that consumed at a generally recognized religious ceremony.
�: To buy, possess, or consume alcoholic beverages. You may transport alcohol in a vehicle only when accompanied by an adult age 21 or older. If you are caught with alcohol in your vehicle and there is no adult accompanying you, you can be charged with a misdemeanor, whether you’re on the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) or in a parking lot.

It is best to never drink and drive. If you plan on drinking, select a designated driver ahead of time who is not going to drink. You can also ask someone else to give you a ride, call a taxi, use public transportation, or seek other assistance. If someone you know has been drinking or using drugs, do not let him or her drive. Find a designated driver, call a taxi, or insist that the person use public transportation. Never ride with anyone who has been drinking or using drugs. If necessary, take away a person’s car keys and offer him or her a place to sleep. Be sure drivers are completely sober before they get behind the wheel.

Effects of Alcohol

Driving requires concentration, motor skills, common sense, and a concern for the safety of everyone on the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) . Alcohol affects people differently. Mixing drugs or medications with alcohol can be especially dangerous and even deadly, especially behind the wheel.

The effects of alcohol are the same whether you drink beer, wine, or whiskey. A 12-ounce can of beer, 5-ounce glass of wine, and a 1.5-ounce shot of whiskey all contain the same amount of alcohol. Drink a standard serving of any of these and the effects will be the same to your body. Your judgment and self-control will be affected. Drinking even one drink can impair your ability to drive, slow your reaction time, dull your concentration, and cause visual problems. Many people mistakenly believe that coffee, a cold shower, exercise, or fresh air can sober them up. The only thing that sobers you up is time.

Illegal or Street Drugs and Medications

Because everyone’s metabolism is different, it’s difficult to predict how medications and drugs will affect the body. Drugs and medications can be as dangerous as alcohol when mixed with driving. Illegal or “street” drugs are sold without a prescription and are particularly dangerous because users do not always know the contents, purity, or possible effects of these drugs. Prescription and non-prescription medications may also contain substances that can adversely affect your abilty to drive safely. Some drugs such as antihistamines, which are found in many cold remedies and allergy preparations, tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and pain relievers may cause drowsiness. Diet pills, "stay awake" drugs, and other medications with stimulants such as caffeine, ephedrine,and pseudoephedrine may cause excitability or drowsiness. Effects may also vary depending on the combination of drugs. Know the contents and potential side effects of any drugs you are taking and be sure it is safe to drive when using them. Please be aware that it is against the law to operate a motor vehicle with any presence of a Schedule 1 Drug or cocaine. For more information consult your physician or pharmacist.

Recognizing Drivers Who Have Been Drinking or Using Other Drugs

It is possible to recognize drivers who may have been drinking or using other drugs. They may:

: Weave within their lane.
: Wander from one lane to another.
: Run off the pavement.
: Stop too quickly or slowly.
: Drive too quickly or slowly.
: Go through stop signs or other signals.
: Drive on the wrong side of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) .

These signs do not always mean that the driver has been drinking or using drugs, but they do require your full attention. If you observe a dangerous situation, do not become personally involved. Get an accurate description of the vehicle and license plate number. Call 911, the local Michigan State Police post, or a telephone operator for police help. You are most likely to encounter other drivers who have been drinking or using drugs at night or early morning, particularly from 8 p.m. to 4 a.m.; on the weekends, especially late Friday and Saturday nights; on holidays; or near bars and other businesses that sell alcohol.

When you see a suspected drunk driver, put as much distance as possible between yourself and the suspected drunk driver. Think twice about passing a suspected drunk driver. Let the driver pass you, especially when approaching rapidly. Avoid their uncertain actions. Stay alert. It is possible that the same driver may be met further down the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) .

Anti-Drunk Driving Laws

Anti-drunk driving laws require swift and sure action and stiff penalties for drunk drivers. The laws:

�: Require courts to decide drunken driving cases within 77 days after an arrest.
�: Require a mandatory six-month driver’s license suspension even for a first conviction. A driver may be eligible for a restricted license after serving 30 days of the suspension.
�: Require five days to one year of consecutive jail time and/or 30 to 90 days of community service for a second conviction of drunk driving.
�: Include a felony for a conviction for drunk driving that causes death.
�: Include a felony for a conviction for drunk driving that causes a serious injury to another.
�: Require fines for a conviction of driving while a driver’s license is suspended or revoked of up to $500 for a first offense, and $1,000 for an additional offense.
�: Do not allow hardship appeals for habitual alcohol offenders.
�: Require a reinstatement fee of $125 if your driver’s license was suspended, revoked, or restricted. This fee is separate from the reinstatement fee needed for any other driving violations.

Preliminary Breath Test

When stopped by a law enforcement officer for suspicion

of driving while intoxicated, you may be asked to take

sobriety tests including a Preliminary Breath Test (PBT) at

the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) side to determine whether you are under the

influence of alcohol. If you refuse to take the PBT, you will

be charged with a civil infraction and fined up to $100 plus

court costs. Persons under age 21 who refuse to take the

PBT will receive two points on their driver record. Even if

you take the PBT, you must still take the evidentiary

chemical test (blood, breath, or urine test).

Michigan’s Implied Consent Law

If arrested, you will be required to take a chemical test to

determine your bodily alcohol content (BAC). Under

Michigan's Implied Consent Law, all drivers are considered to

have given their consent to this test. If you refuse a test, six

points will be added to your driver record and your license

will be suspended for one year. Please be aware that

suspension of a license is automatic for any refusal to submit

to the test. This is a separate consequence from any

subsequent convictions resulting from the traffic stop.

If you are arrested a second time in seven years and again

unreasonably refuse the test, six points will be added to your

driver record and your license will be suspended for two years.

If you refuse to take the test under the Implied Consent

Law or if the test shows your BAC is 0.08 or more, your

driver’s license will be destroyed by the officer, and you will

be issued a 625g paper permit to drive until your case is

resolved in court.

Types of Charges:

- Operating While Impaired (OWI) means that because of alcohol or other drugs in your body, your ability to operate a motor vehicle was visibly impaired.

- Operating Under the Influence of Liquor (OUIL) means

the alcohol in your body substantially affected your driving ability so you could not operate a motor vehicle safely.

�: Operating Under the Influence of Drugs (OUID) means the drugs in your body substantially affected your driving ability so you could not operate a motor vehicle safely.
�: Operating With Presence of Drugs (OWPD) means operating a vehicle with the presence of any amount of a Schedule 1 controlled substance or cocaine.
�: Operating With an Unlawful Bodily Alcohol Content (UBAC) means at the time you were driving, your bodily alcohol content was at or above 0.08. This can be shown by a chemical test.
�: Under Age 21 Operating With Any Bodily Alcohol Content means having a BAC of 0.02 to less than 0.08 or any presence of alcohol other than that consumed at a generally recognized religious ceremony.

Commercial Drivers and Alcohol

While many of the drunk driving charges are the same for commercial drivers as other motorists, there are some important distinctions. When operating a commercial vehicle:

�: The threshold for a UBAC offense is 0.015. Commercial drivers with a UBAC of 0.015 will be placed out of service for 24 hours.
�: A UBAC of 0.04 but less than 0.08, will result in CDL suspensions or revocations, depending on the number of offenses.

Commercial drivers with one offense for operating a commercial vehicle while drunk will have their CDL suspended for one year; three years if they are transporting hazardous materials. A second or third offense will result in a revocation of their CDL for a minimum of 10 years. Their operator or chauffeur driver’s license may also be suspended or revoked. For more information, please refer to the Secretary of State's Commercial Driver’s License Manual.

Teen Drivers and Alcohol

Drivers between the ages of 16 and 20 are typically the least experienced drivers on the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) . When alcohol is added to their inexperience, the results can be even more deadly. Male teenage drivers with a bodily alcohol content between

0.05 and 0.10 percent are 18 times more likely than a sober, male teenage driver to be killed in a single vehicle crash. Female teenagers are 54 times more likely to be killed than a sober counterpart. Any involvement with alcohol by teenagers can result in the loss of their license. Simply possessing any alcoholic beverage, whether in a motor vehicle or not, can result in a license suspension for a teenager.

For information about licensing actions for drivers under age 21, please see the Zero Tolerance section on pages 52-53.

Anti-Drug Laws

Michigan law requires driver license suspensions for drug convictions, even if you were not driving at the time of the convictions; for example, possession, manufacture or distribution of drugs. If there are no prior drug violations, your driver's license is suspended for six months. No restricted license is allowed for the first 30 days. One or more prior drug convicions in seven years means your driver's license will be suspended for one year. No restricted license is allowed for the first 60 days. The driver's license reinstatement fee is $125. This fee is separate from the resinstatement fee required

fo r any other driving activity.

Repeat Offender Laws

Michigan’s Repeat Offender laws are designed to get tough with drivers who repeatedly drive drunk or while on a suspended license. Under the laws, you are a repeat offender if you have:

�: Two or more alcohol-related convictions within seven years.
�: Three or more convictions for driving while your license is suspended or revoked in seven years.
�: Three or more alcohol-related convictions within 10 years.

Penalties Under the Repeat Offender Laws

If you are arrested as a repeat offender, the law enforcement officer will destroy the metal license plate of the vehicle you are driving, whether you own the vehicle or not. A temporary paper license plate will be issued allowing the vehicle to be legally driven. A new metal license plate cannot be issued until your case is resolved in court.

Sanctions under the Repeat Offender laws include additional driver’s license suspensions or revocations, metal license plate confiscation, vehicle immobilization or forfeiture, registration denial, the use of ignition interlock devices, and mandatory substance abuse treatment. Repeat offenders who cause an accident resulting in a long-term injury or death are charged with a felony and face thousands of dollars in fines and years in jail in addition to other penalties.

When drivers lose driving privileges after being convicted of a third drunk driving violation, or receive a fourth additional suspension because they drove while their license was suspended, these repeat offenders are subject to registration denial.

Registration denial includes any vehicles that are registered, co-registered, leased, or co-leased by the repeat offender. During registration denial, it is a crime to attempt to purchase, lease, or obtain a vehicle. Unless a circuit court order is requested and issued, you may not transfer a vehicle’s registration to any family member if that vehicle is carrying a temporary plate, is immobilized, forfeited, or subject to registration denial. Registration denial continues until you are eligible for relicensing.

Please refer to the chart following this section for more information about offenders convicted of multiple alcohol or driving while license suspended (DWLS) offenses.

Driver’s License Actions

First Offense

OUIL/OUID/UBAC/OWPD

�: Driver’s license suspension for 30 days, followed by restrictions for 150 days.
�: Possible vehicle immobilization.
�: Six points on driver record.

OWI

�: Driver’s license restriction for 90 days (180 days if impaired by controlled substance).
�: Possible vehicle immobilization.
�: Four points on driver record.

DWLS

�: Up to $500 fine, up to 93 days in jail, or both.
�: Mandatory like additional suspension.
�: Mandatory additional 30-day suspension if convicted of driving while suspended due to failure to pay tickets or appear in court; reinstatement fee due.

Any combination, second offense within seven years

OUIL/OUID/UBAC/OWPD

�: Driver’s license denial/revocation for a minimum of one year.
�: License plate confiscation.
�: Vehicle immobilization 90 to 180 days unless vehicle is forfeited.
�: Possible vehicle forfeiture.
�: Six points on driver record.

OWI

�: Driver’s license denial/revocation for a minimum one year.
�: License plate confiscation.
�: Vehicle immobilization 90 to 180 days unless vehicle is forfeited.
�: Possible vehicle forfeiture.
�: Four points on driver record.

DWLS

�: Up to $1,000 fine, up to one year in jail, or both.
�: Mandatory additional suspension.
�: Vehicle may be immobilized for up to 180 days.

Any combination, third offense within 10 years (felony)

OUIL/OUID/UBAC/OWPD

�: 60 to 180 days community service.
�: Driver’s license denial/revocation for a minimum five years.
�: License plate confiscation.
�: Vehicle immobilization one to three years unless vehicle is forfeited.
�: Possible vehicle forfeiture.
�: Registration denial of all owned and leased vehicles.
�: Six points on driver record.
�: 60 to 180 days community service.
�: Driver’s license denial/revocation for a minimum of five years.
�: License plate confiscation.
�: Vehicle immobilization one to three years unless forfeited.
�: Possible vehicle forfeiture.
�: Registration denial.
�: Four points on driver record.

OWI DWLS (third offense—must have two priors within seven years—misdemeanor)

�: Mandatory additional suspension.
�: License plate confiscation.
�: Vehicle immobilized 90 to 180 days.

DWLS (fourth offense—must have three priors within seven years—misdemeanor)

�: Same as for third offense.
�: Registration denial of all owned and leased vehicles.

DWLS (fifth offense—must have four priors within seven years—misdemeanor)

�: Mandatory additional suspension.
�: License plate confiscation.
�: Vehicle immobilized one to three years.
�: Registration denial of all owned and leased vehicles.

First offense

OUIL/OUID/UBAC/OWI/OWPD/DWLS causing death/serious injury (felony)

�: Driver’s license denial/revocation for a minimum of one year.
�: License plate confiscation.
�: Vehicle immobilization up to 180 days unless forfeited.
�: Possible vehicle forfeiture.

Second offense (any prior crime within seven years)

OUIL/OUID/UBAC/OWI/OWPD/DWLS causing death/serious injury (felony)

�: Driver’s license denial/revocation for a minimum of five years.
�: License plate confiscation.
�: Vehicle immobilization 90 to 180 days unless vehicle is forfeited.
�: Possible vehicle forfeiture.

Open Intoxicants in a Motor Vehicle

�: Up to a $100 fine.
�: First offense—no action is taken against driver’s license.
�: Second offense—driver’s license is suspended for 30 days/restricted for 60 days.
�: Third offense—driver’s license is suspended for 60 days/restricted for 305 days.
�: Alcohol screening may be required.
�: Two points on driver record.

Zero Tolerance (under age 21) First Offense

�: Driver’s license is restricted for 30 days.
�: Four points on driver record.

Second Offense within seven years

�: Driver’s license suspension 90 days. Any prior drunk driving conviction results in a minimum one-year driver’s license revocation.
�: Four points on driver record.

Person Under 21 purchase/consume/possess alcohol

�: First offense—$100 fine, no action is taken against driver’s license.
�: Second offense—$200 fine, driver’s license is suspended for 30 days/restricted for 60 days.
�: Third offense—$500 fine, driver’s license is suspended for 60 days/restricted for 305 days.
�: Community service may be required.
�: Alcohol screening may be required.

Person Under 21 transport or possess in a motor vehicle

�: Up to a $100 fine.
�: First offense—no action is taken against driver’s license.
�: Second offense—driver’s license is suspended for 30 days/restricted for 60 days.
�: Third offense—driver’s license is suspended for 60 days/restricted for 305 days.
�: Alcohol screening may be required.
�: Community service may be required.
�: Two points on driver record.
�: Vehicle can be impounded up to 30 days.

Use Fraudulent ID to Purchase Liquor

�: Up to a $100 fine, 93 days in jail, or both.
�: 90-day driver’s license suspension.
�: Alcohol screening may be required.

Safety Belts, Safety

Seats, and Air Bags

Click It or Ticket: Michigan requires all drivers and passengers to be properly buckled up. Under the law, a vehicle may be stopped by a law enforcement officer and the driver ticketed if the occupants are not properly buckled up. Please review the information in this section and obey Michigan’s safety belt and child-safety restraint laws.

Buckle Up — It’s the Law!

In a motor vehicle crash safety belts keep people in their seats, reducing the risk of serious injury and death. By law, everyone in the front seat of a motor vehicle must wear a safety belt. Children under age 16 must be buckled up regardless of where they are seated. Be responsible—make sure all passengers are properly buckled up. Even if the vehicle is equipped with air bags, they are not a substitute for wearing a safety belt. By wearing a properly adjusted safety belt—over the shoulder with no slack and low across the hips—everyone will be safer.

�: Being thrown from a vehicle because you were not wearing a safety belt greatly increases your chances of dying in a traffic crash. Wearing a lap-shoulder belt reduces chances of serious injury by 70 percent and death by 50 percent.
�: If you are pregnant, you and your unborn child are much safer when a safety belt is worn low across the hips. By protecting yourself from injury, your unborn child is also protected.
�: The chances of being knocked unconscious or seriously injured are much less when wearing a safety belt. If there is danger from fire or water, escape can quickly be made. If the vehicle skids out of control, you will remain behind

the wheel and have a better chance of regaining control.

Drivers exempt from using a safety belt because of a

medical condition must carry a doctor’s statement.

Protecting Children and Teens

Since the Michigan Child Passenger Protection Law was enacted, use of child restraints and safety belts has increased, while deaths and injuries have decreased. However, many people use child restraint devices improperly. Make certain both the child safety restraint and your child are properly buckled before you drive.

Young people under age 18 cannot ride in the open bed of a pickup truck traveling more than 15 mph. The law allows exceptions for vehicles used by farmers, construction workers, the military, in parades, and by authorized emergency and rescue personnel.

Law Sets Special Requirements

�: Children under the age of four must be in approved safety seats, wherever they are seated. For children less than 20 pounds, the child or infant seat must face the rear of the vehicle, according to the standard in the Code of Federal Regulations. However, rear-facing infant seats should never be placed in the front passenger seat of a vehicle equipped with air bags. Inflating air bags can seriously injure or suffocate the child. The safest place for a child in a passenger vehicle is in the middle of the back seat, properly buckled.
�: Children 4 years of age or more but less than 16 years of age must be protected by a safety belt in the front or back seat.
�: The driver and all front seat passengers must wear a safety belt.
�: Never hold a child on your lap or buckle a child with another passenger into one safety belt.
�: Always insist children buckle their safety belts before starting the engine.
�: Wear the safety belt properly, snug and low across the hips.
�: Install and use safety seats according to the manufacturer’s instructions found in the owner’s manual.

Approved safety seats are available at low or no cost at many community agencies such as local public health departments. Avoid buying second-hand seats as they may not meet federal safety standards, may not work properly, or may have missing parts or instructions. And, if there is a recall, you may not receive notification.

Air Bags

Most new vehicles have air bags to provide vehicle occupants extra protection in a crash. Air bags are stored in the steering wheel or dashboard and inflate during a serious crash, usually a frontal crash that occurs at over 10 mph. In one-tenth of a second, the air bag inflates to provide a protective cushion between the person and the steering wheel, dashboard, and windshield. For the best protection always wear a safety belt, even in vehicles equipped with air bags. Safety belts remain the best protection in rollover, side impact, and rear-end crashes.

�: Parents are cautioned never to put a child in a rear-facing infant seat in the front passenger seat of a vehicle equipped with an air bag. If the air bag deploys, the blow to the back of the safety seat could hurt the child.
�: Parents are encouraged to seat all children age 12 and under in the rear seat of the vehicle to avoid potential injury from an air bag in the event of a crash.

Signs, Pavement
Markings, and Signals
Signs, pavement markings, and signals are all ways of communicating. They provide information about regulations, highway routes, directions, places of interest, and cautions. They include regulatory, warning, and guide signs. This section presents important information about signs, pavement markings, and signals. Obeying signs, traffic signals, and markings will help to keep you safe.
Signs Regulatory Signs
Regulatory signs that control moving traffic are always red and white or black and white. “Do Not Enter,” “Wrong Way,” “Yield,” and “Stop” are examples of signs with red backgrounds. Regulatory signs that control parking may be green and white.
The yield sign indicates a driver must slow down and give way to all traffic and pedestrians.
The shape of this sign indicates stop. Stop and give the right-of-way to pedestrians and all cross traffic before moving forward. You must stop
behind a marked or unmarked crosswalk that joins sidewalks on opposite sides of the street, or behind a marked stop line. If there is no pavement marking or crosswalk, stop before entering the intersection, where traffic coming from all directions is visible.
A red circle with a line through it always means “no,” such as “no entry.”
This sign means do not turn around in the middle of a street or an intersection.
These two signs are sometimes used together and mean do not pass. The yellow pennant sign will be posted on the left side of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) . The white sign will be posted on the right side.
This sign follows the do not pass sign. It is on the right side of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) . It marks the end of a no-passing zone. You may then pass when it is safe to do so.
This sign means traffic in the right lane must
turn right. Traffic in the second lane should either continue driving straight or turn right. A similar sign may be used for left-turning traffic.
This sign means no right turn. The arrow pointed to the left means no left turn.
This sign informs or warns not to drive across the median (divider strip) or emergency crossover of a freeway. It is against the law for anyone to cross a freeway median—except for law enforcement, emergency, or maintenance vehicles. To change directions on a freeway, drive to the next exit, get off, and re-enter the freeway in the other direction.
This sign directs traffic to the right of an obstruction.
This sign is posted over a highway lane that is used only for making a left turn. Traffic from both directions will be using this lane. Never use a turning lane to overtake and pass other vehicles.
Located at intersections, this sign means do not turn until the light turns green.
This type of sign shows the fastest and slowest speeds allowed on a freeway, weather permitting. On most road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) s, only the fastest speed allowed is shown.
Warning Signs
Warning signs in construction, maintenance, or other designated work areas are black on orange or black on yellow. Both types of signs are diamond-shaped.
Signs like this provide advisory speeds at
freeway exit and entrance ramps. They show the maximum recommended safe speed to drive on a ramp in ideal weather conditions.
These signs warn of a curve or sharp turn ahead. If the curve is too sharp to drive at the posted speed limit, an advisory speed sign is attached to indicate the fastest recommended speed in ideal weather conditions. Slow down before entering the curve.
If the speed limit is not posted before a curve, judge how sharp the curve is and change speed accordingly. If you cannot see around a curve, slow down more than normal. When driving around a curve, the vehicle will tend to move to the outside of the curve.
These signs show an upcoming side or cross road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) . Look for other vehicles entering or leaving the highway.
These signs mean a lane ends ahead, and a driver must merge into the proper lane. However, yield the right-of-way to vehicles already in the left lane, or in the right lane in the case of a “lane ends merge right” sign.
This sign shows the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) ahead has two-way traffic.
This sign warns of a steep hill. You may need to slow down at the top or change to a lower gear.
This sign cautions that a section of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) way may be more slippery when weather conditions are bad. Make sure to slow down when the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) is wet or icy.
This sign marks a traffic island or obstruction. Drive to either side.
This sign is used to remind drivers that they are going from a divided highway to a two-way road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) way.
This sign informs or warns you that a bridge or underpass is ahead with a clearance of only 12 feet, 6 inches. Know the height of the vehicle and load.
This sign means no trucks allowed.
This sign means prepare to stop ahead.
Slow-Moving Vehicles
This sign on the back of a slow-moving vehicle is a warning to slow down. It means the vehicle cannot travel faster than 25 mph. Do not get impatient if behind one of these
vehicles. The driver will usually try to pull over to the side
whenever possible to prevent traffic back-ups.
Guide Signs
Guide signs, including those for motorist
services, parks, and public recreation areas, tell
what is available ahead. Some show distance,
destination, and direction.
Route Markers
Route markers identify highways by number and symbol as part of national, state, or local systems.
Limited-access interstate freeway sign
U.S. highway sign
State highway sign
County route marker
Pavement Markings
Pavement markings are white or yellow and, like highway signs, warn, regulate, and inform drivers.
White lines separate traffic lanes moving in the same direction. They include:
� Broken white lines: On road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) ways that have more than one lane
moving in one direction, broken
white lines separate traffic lanes. Drive between these
lines. Never straddle them.
� Solid white lines: Solid white lines mark the right edge of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) . Often called fog lines, solid white lines help you stay on the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) at night or in bad weather. Passing to the right of another vehicle by crossing a solid white line that marks the right edge of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) way is prohibited, even if the shoulder is paved.
Solid white lines are also used to separate lanes of traffic moving in the same direction. When solid white lines separate lanes of traffic moving in the same direction, crossing a solid white line is not recommended. These white lines may designate sharp curves, freeway acceleration and deceleration lanes, and other parts of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) where lane changes are considered dangerous.
A double solid white line is used to show a travel path where driving in the same direction is permitted on both sides of the line, but crossing the line is prohibited.
These lines are used to separate traffic for safety reasons such as bicycle ways, pedestrian ways, or where one lane of traffic is usually traveling at a higher speed than the other lane:
�
Crosswalk lines: Solid white lines mark many pedestrian crosswalks. When these lines are used, they go all the way across the pavement. Notice them at intersections and, sometimes, between intersections. Stop the vehicle behind the crosswalk line.
�
Stop lines: Wide white lines painted across a traffic lane mark where you must stop the vehicle at intersections. This keeps the vehicle out of the way of pedestrians and cross traffic. If there are no stop lines or crosswalks, stop the vehicle before entering the intersection. You should be able to see traffic from all directions.
Yellow lines separate vehicle traffic lanes moving in opposite directions. They include:
�
Broken yellow lines: A single broken yellow line usually marks the centerline of a two-way road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) way where a vehicle may pass, if it is safe.
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Solid yellow lines: If a solid yellow line is on your side of the centerline of a road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) way, do not cross over it to pass. On a four-lane divided road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) way or a one-way road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) , a solid yellow line usually marks the left edge of the pavement. A double solid yellow line down the middle of a two-lane road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) way means that passing is not allowed for vehicles traveling in either direction.
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Center lane, left-turn-only: Many road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) s have a left-turnonly lane to help traffic flow more smoothly. Each outside edge of this lane is marked with a solid yellow line with
broken yellow lines on the inside edges. Left turns must be made from within this lane, and may be made from either direction. Using this lane to pass other vehicles or as a merge lane is both dangerous and illegal.
Signals
Traffic signals control traffic at intersections. Do not drive
across public or private property, such as a store parking lot,
to avoid a traffic control device. Combinations of traffic
signals, signs, pavement markings, and other traffic control
devices may be used at railroad(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) crossings, schools, street and
highway construction, and maintenance operations. Pedestrian
signals control pedestrian traffic. Always give the right-of
way to pedestrians.
Traffic Control Signals
A red light means stop. It is at the top of a traffic signal in Michigan. Stop the vehicle
behind a crosswalk or stop line. A yellow light
means the green signal has ended and the signal
is about to turn red. You are required to stop on a
yellow light. If you cannot stop safely, do not
speed up but drive cautiously through the
intersection. A green light means proceed
cautiously after checking for pedestrians and
vehicles. If a traffic light is not working at an
intersection, and there are no law enforcement
officers or alternate traffic signal devices present
to control the flow of traffic, you should treat the
intersection as a four-way stop.
The 5-section head signal, or “doghouse signal,” is used to regulate left and right turns at
intersections. This type of signal has a red light
on top, a green and yellow turn arrow, and a
green and yellow light. When the green arrow is
(Left turn) lit, turning drivers have a “protected turn,” meaning all oncoming or conflicting traffic is stopped. When the green light is lit, turning drivers may complete their turn when oncoming traffic has cleared.
(Right turn)
A flashing red light means come to a full stop. Proceed when the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) is clear.
A flashing yellow light means proceed carefully through the intersection. Scan cross traffic in both directions.
A steady green arrow means you may proceed with caution in the direction of the arrow if the way is clear. Yield the right-of-way to pedestrians in the intersection. Traffic coming toward you should stop.
Railroad(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) Crossings
Traffic control systems for railroad(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) crossings include all signs, signals, markings, and illuminated devices that permit safe and efficient movement of both rail and highway traffic. Trains cannot stop at railroad(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) crossings. It is much harder and takes much longer for a train to stop, up to a mile in most cases. It could be fatal to ignore a signal or try to cross in front of a train.
When approaching a railroad(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) crossing that does not have a signal or a gate, slow down and look both ways. This is good advice even if a signaled crossing does not indicate a train is coming.
This sign warns of a railroad(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) crossing ahead. If a train is coming, all vehicles must stop no more than 50 feet or less than 15 feet from the tracks.
If there is more than one set of tracks, check carefully for other trains that may be coming. Do not cross the tracks until all trains have passed. When the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) is snow covered, proceed over tracks with enough speed so you will not get stuck. Avoid changing gears while crossing the tracks.
When you see devices that warn of railroad(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) crossings and possible oncoming trains:
�
Slow down and be ready to stop.
�
School buses, vehicles carrying passengers for hire, gasoline trucks, and other vehicles carrying hazardous materials must stop and make sure no train is coming, even if there is no stop sign or railroad(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) crossing signal.
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If there is a stop sign at the crossing, you must stop whether or not a train is coming.
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Be careful not to get “trapped” on railroad(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) tracks by a line of vehicles backed up by a traffic signal.
This railroad(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) sign means slow down. Do not cross the track(s) without checking in both directions for a train. Be sure tracks are clear for a safe distance. If there are two or more tracks, the number will be indicated.
This railroad(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) crossing signal has a bell and flashing red lights to warn that a train is coming. Stop when the
bell is ringing and the lights are flashing
This railroad(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) crossing has a sign, signal, bell, and gate to stop traffic. Do not drive through, around, or under any crossing gate while it is down, or being raised or lowered. Stop and wait until the gates are raised, signals stop flashing, and bells stop ringing.
School Areas
This sign means that school children may be crossing. Slow down and watch for them. Traffic controls near school areas may include school crosswalk lines, stop lines, curb markings, word and symbol markings, special school speed limits, and school crosswalk signs.
Watch for adult crossing guards and student safety patrols helping children cross streets safely.
Vehicles must stop for crossing guards with a stop sign upraised, and may not continue until the crossing guard has moved completely out of the intersection.
Construction and Maintenance
A combination of orange signs with black lettering, signals, lighting devices, markings, barricades, routing, and hand-signaling devices may be used around road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) construction, maintenance, and surveying operations and utility work.
When you see orange and black signs like these, they may mean the entire road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) , a single lane, or a portion of a lane is blocked.
These signs are also used when
work is being done adjacent to the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) way, on shoulders, or in ditch areas.
Construction zones can be for a short period of time or last one or more construction seasons. Drivers are made aware of such zones by advanced signing regarding traffic shifts due to lane or road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) way closures.
Be aware of the warning sign messages and obey them as directed. Do not wait until the last possible moment to merge into a lane of traffic. Forced merges are as discourteous as they are dangerous. Watch and drive defensively to avoid problems. Be patient and everyone will travel through the construction zones safely. Watch carefully for construction workers or moving equipment.
When going through a designated work area where a full traffic lane or part of a traffic lane is closed for construction, maintenance, or surveying activities, the speed limit is 45 mph unless posted differently. Fines are double for all moving violations in work zones.
In addition, motorists caught speeding in construction zones face increased points on their driver record. Under the law, motorists will be assessed:
�
3 points for speeding 10 mph or less over the posted limit.
�
4 points for speeding more than 10 mph but not more than 15 mph over the limit.
�
5 points for speeding more than 15 mph over the limit.
Motorists who have accumulated 12 or more points in a two-year period will be required to undergo a driver assessment reexamination.
Motorists causing injury or death to road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) side construction workers or operators of farm equipment are subject to fines of up to $7,500 and imprisonment of up to 15 years.
Pedestrian Signals
Pedestrian signals are used to control pedestrian traffic with the words WALK and DONT WALK, or the green or white symbol of a walking person, that means to walk, and a red upraised hand, that means do not walk. To assist blind and visually impaired pedestrians, crosswalks may include an audible “countdown” or message indicating how much time is left before the signal changes.
Single Section with Cut-out Letters
Two Section Types
A pedestrian should not start to cross when the DONT WALK is flashing, but if already partway across should complete crossing. Drivers should be cautious when pedestrians are present, especially when turning. Traffic islands help separate moving traffic or guide traffic and also provide safety for pedestrians.
Basic Skills,
Laws, and Safety
This section provides information about basic skills, laws and safety, with tips for preparing to drive, controlling speed, signaling, yielding, turning at intersections and at red lights, using lanes, passing, freeway driving, parking, and using cruise control. Safe driving requires that you understand and use these basic skills.
Some Basic Driving Tips
The following tips can help you drive safely.
�
Drive defensively.
�
Concentrate on your driving.
�
Obey all traffic control devices and traffic laws.
�
Be courteous to others.
�
Communicate your intentions to others.
�
Be aware and keep alert. Even though you follow the laws, realize others may not.
�
Recognize that you share the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) with others whether they are walking, bicycling, or driving.
�
Avoid looking at any one thing for more than a few seconds.
�
Watch for vehicles coming from alleys or parking places when driving in a business district.
�
Always give yourself enough time and space to do what you need to do safely. Never follow another vehicle too closely.
�
Be more careful and increase your following distance at night, during bad weather conditions, rush hour, during
maneuvers such as lane changes, and when approaching intersections.
�
Do not drive when you are tired.
�
Always obey a law enforcement officer’s orders or directions. Their directions take priority over a traffic light or stop sign.
Preparing to Drive
Before operating a vehicle:
�
Check for clean headlights, taillights, and brake lights. Make sure all lights and turn signals work properly.
�
Clean the windshield and windows.
�
Check the tires for proper air pressure and for any possible damage.
�
Check in front and behind the vehicle for objects, animals, or persons in your path.
Before starting the engine:
�
Make sure you are positioned comfortably in the driver’s seat.
�
Make sure you and all passengers, including children, are properly buckled up.
�
Check mirrors and check again for anything in your path. As a driver, you have at least two blind spots or areas around your vehicle that you cannot see in your rearview or side-view mirrors—to the left rear and right rear of the vehicle. Make sure the inside rearview mirror is properly adjusted so you can see the center of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) and any traffic behind the vehicle. Adjust the left outside mirror to see the left edge of the vehicle when seated in a normal driving position. If there is a right outside mirror, adjust it to permit a clear view of the right rear edge of the vehicle.
�
Turn your head to check the blind spots before every lane change. You cannot get rid of blind spots, but can make them smaller by properly adjusting the mirrors.
�
Know the type of braking system installed in your vehicle. If it has antilock brakes, be sure to read and follow the instructions in the owner’s manual.
Controlling Your Speed
Michigan’s Basic Speed Law means you must drive at a “careful and prudent” speed in all driving conditions. You must drive at a speed that always allows you to stop within the clear distance ahead. This speed is never faster than the posted speed limit. Depending on conditions, it may be slower than the posted speed limit. Anticipate trouble ahead. Be ready to stop safely.
Speed Limits
Watch for and obey regulatory speed signs that tell you the safe or suggested speed. Unless posted otherwise, the fastest speed you may drive is:
�
15 mph—In mobile home parks and on some road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) s adjacent to parks and playgrounds.
�
25 mph—In business and residential areas and in parks.
�
45 mph—When entering and passing through a designated work area where a normal lane or part of the lane is closed for construction, maintenance, or surveying activities.
�
55 mph—On Michigan’s highways.
�
70 mph—On freeways—45 mph is the minimum speed. School buses and trucks are restricted to 55 mph on limited access highways and freeways.
Give Yourself Time and Space to Stop
Your stopping distance can be affected by fatigue, how well you pay attention, the type and weight of your vehicle, the condition of your tires and brakes, the type of road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) surface, and the weather. Try to estimate how much time and space you have for stopping on either dry or wet pavement.
The “two-second rule” is an easy way to tell if you are following too closely. It works at any speed. When the rear of the vehicle ahead passes a sign or any other stationary point, find the time it takes you to reach the same spot by counting “one-thousand one, one-thousand two.” You are following too closely if you pass the mark before you finish counting two seconds.
Wet pavement requires more stopping time and space. To make a smooth stop, increase pressure on the brake pedal gradually and just before you stop, reduce the pressure.
Look Down the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) 12 Seconds
This rule means always look ahead of the vehicle about 12 seconds worth of travel time down the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) . To estimate this distance, choose a fixed object near the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) ahead and begin counting, “one-thousand one, one thousand two…,” until the front of your vehicle passes the object. If you have not counted to “one-thousand twelve,” you should be looking farther ahead.
A defensive driver anticipates problems ahead and is prepared to react in time. Keep a safe distance behind another vehicle. Under poor or slippery driving conditions, allow even more time.
Signaling
Signaling is a legal requirement and a courtesy. Before stopping, turning, or changing lanes, see if it is safe. Communicate to other drivers by giving the required signal, either using your left hand and arm, or your vehicle’s turn signal. Signal at least 100 feet ahead of where you plan to turn. In heavy traffic or on freeways, signal sooner so drivers behind you have time to adjust their speed.
The proper hand and arm signals are:
Left arm and hand bent up for a right turn
Left arm and hand straight out for a left turn
Left arm and hand bent down for slow or stop
Yielding
Most crashes occur at intersections. Always remember— any time you are not sure what other drivers are going to do, let them go first.
�
When approaching intersections without traffic signals or signs, or four-way stop intersections, yield to the driver on the right if you reach the intersection at the same time as another vehicle. Yield to any vehicle that reaches an intersection before you.
�
When making left turns, you must give the right-of-way to pedestrians and oncoming traffic.
�
When approaching an intersection with a yield sign, slow down before reaching the intersection, then yield the right-of-way to any vehicle in the
intersection and to cross traffic. Stop
if necessary.
Yielding in Other Circumstances
Before entering an intersection, always check cross traffic. Prepare to stop and yield the right-of-way to a vehicle coming from the left or right, or to pedestrians in the intersection.
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You must also yield when directed by a uniformed law enforcement officer and when directed by flag people at construction sites.
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You must yield for vehicles in a funeral procession.
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You must stop and yield the right-of-way when entering a highway from an alley, private road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) , or driveway and before turning on a red light.
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When entering a traffic circle you must yield the right-ofway to drivers already in the circle and obey all traffic signs.
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When entering an intersection at dusk, sunrise, or sunset, use extra care as other drivers may have difficulty seeing you.
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You must yield to emergency vehicles, approaching from any direction or if stopped, when their lights are flashing. Time is critical in an emergency situation. Pulling over and allowing emergency vehicles to reach their destination as quickly and safely as possible may save a life.
Turning at Intersections
As you approach an intersection, look for traffic signals and lane markings.
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Look and plan ahead. Be alert for pedestrians and vehicles that may disregard a red light and proceed through an intersection without stopping. Allow time and space to make your turn safely.
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When turning left at an intersection, check cross traffic and yield to oncoming traffic and pedestrians.
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When turning right at an intersection, check the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) you are turning onto for pedestrians and other vehicles.
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After turning left onto a one-way street, stay in the left lane until you can change lanes safely.
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If you come to an intersection where you cannot see clearly because of trees or buildings, stop at the intersection and edge forward slowly.
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If you have entered an intersection when the signal light changes, complete your turn. Do not try to back up in an effort to avoid blocking the intersection.
Right Turns on Red Lights
Unless a sign tells you “no turn on red,” you may turn right at a red light after coming to a complete stop. You must yield to pedestrians and approaching traffic. Make sure after you look to the left for approaching vehicles and pedestrians, that you also check again for pedestrians in front of you before turning. Then turn carefully.
Some Left Turns on Red Lights
Unless a sign tells you “no turn on red,” you may turn left on a red light when entering a one-way street from another one-way street, but you must first stop and yield to cross traffic.
You may also make a left turn from a two-way street onto a one-way street with traffic going in the same direction as the turn. Yield first to pedestrians and approaching traffic.
Passing
When passing other vehicles, always check your rearview and side-view mirrors for any overtaking traffic. Use your turn signal to indicate your intentions. Check blind spots by turning your head to see if you can safely move from your lane without interfering with traffic.
It is illegal to exceed the speed limit to pass. When about to pass a vehicle on a divided highway, move into the passing lane well before passing.
Passing on the Left
On a two- or three-lane road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) with traffic moving in both directions, you may pass on the left when overtaking another vehicle if there are no signs or other markings prohibiting passing, and it can be done safely. Passing another vehicle on the left is prohibited when:
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You must cross a solid yellow line.
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There is a “no passing” sign.
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Approaching a hill or curve where your view is obstructed.
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Your view is obstructed within 100 feet of a bridge, viaduct, or tunnel.
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Oncoming traffic is close enough so you would interfere with the safe operation of the approaching vehicle or the vehicle being passed.
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You cannot see clearly ahead.
When passing or preparing to pass another vehicle by using the center lane of a three-lane road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) , always use extreme caution. Approaching vehicles may also be preparing to pass. If you and an approaching vehicle move into the center lane at the same time, a serious crash could occur.
After passing another vehicle, return to the right lane when there is enough room to return safely. One rule of thumb is to return to your lane when it is possible to see both headlights of the vehicle you passed in the rearview mirror.
Remember to allow extra room when pulling a trailer. Do not try to pass more than one vehicle at a time or follow too closely when another vehicle is passing slower traffic.
A driver being passed on the left must give way to the passing vehicle. Do not increase speed until the other vehicle has completely passed.
Passing on the Right
When two or more lanes of traffic are moving in the same direction, passing other vehicles in either lane is allowed. However, slower moving vehicles should always stay in the lane farthest to the right except when preparing to make a left turn.
When driving in the right lane, passing another vehicle should be done cautiously, as the driver of the other vehicle may not see you and may turn into your path. Passing on the right of another vehicle by crossing the solid white line that marks the edge of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) way is prohibited, even if the shoulder is paved.
Passing Parked Vehicles
When driving past parked vehicles, watch for vehicles that may pull out in front of you. Look for clues, such as a person in the driver’s seat, exhaust coming from a tailpipe, illuminated brake lights, a flashing turn signal, illuminated backup lights, or at parallel parking areas, a vehicle’s front wheels turning out. Watch for a vehicle door being opened in front of you. Also, watch for pedestrians or bicyclists trying to cross the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) between parked vehicles.
Passing Vehicles in Slow-Moving Traffic Lanes
In some areas with a long or steep grade, a slow-moving traffic lane may be provided to allow vehicles that are unable to maintain the speed limit to travel without blocking traffic.
These slower-moving vehicles should move into the designated traffic lane, allowing other vehicles to pass them in the second lane.
Freeway Driving
Freeways are our safest road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) s. Traffic flows in the same direction. There are no stops or intersections. Pedestrians, small motorcycles of 125 cc or less, mopeds, bicycles, all-terrain vehicles, and slow-moving vehicles are not allowed on freeways.
An entrance ramp allows traffic to enter the freeway. Often, an exit ramp will be next to the entrance ramp. Look for “Do Not Enter” and “Wrong Way” signs and speed limit signs. The entrance ramp usually merges into an acceleration lane allowing you to increase your speed to match freeway traffic speed.
Signal and check for freeway traffic by using the vehicle’s rearview and side-view mirrors and quick glances over your shoulder. Choose a safe space to enter and then merge into traffic. Traffic on the freeway has the right-of-way. Do not count on other drivers to let you in.
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On a two-lane freeway, drive in the right lane except when passing, exiting to the left, allowing another vehicle to merge onto the freeway, or when the lanes are fully occupied with heavily congested traffic.
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On a freeway with three or more lanes of travel in the same direction, you may drive in any lane, however, if driving at or near the minimum speed limit, drivers should stay in the lane with the slower moving traffic. A commercial vehicle with a gross vehicle weight of more than 10,000 pounds, a truck tractor, or a combination vehicle with a trailer must stay in either of the two lanes farthest to the right, unless otherwise designated.
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Merge signs are placed near freeway entrances to alert you to traffic entering the freeway. Always watch for vehicles merging onto the freeway. Adjusting your speed or moving safely into another lane will allow drivers to enter the freeway smoothly and safely.
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Always watch for drivers who suddenly slow down when approaching an exit or swerve into the exit lane unexpectedly.
Leaving a Freeway
Most freeway exits have a special deceleration lane to slow down in when exiting the freeway. Look ahead for exit ramp signs you want and the lane you must use. Check in front, behind, and to the side for traffic. Signal your intention early and then move into the proper lane.
Avoid slowing down on the freeway when exiting. Wait until you are fully in the deceleration lane before reducing your speed, and then slow down gradually. Many ramps have sharp curves, so it is important to obey the posted exit ramp speed limit.
If you miss your exit ramp, never back up, turn around, or use a median crossover. Instead, drive to the next exit. Get back on the freeway and return to the exit you want. Never use the crossover lane in the median. It is only for emergency and Michigan Department of Transportation vehicles.
Fatigue
One of the greatest dangers in freeway driving is fatigue. On long trips you can become sleepy or hypnotized by the constant hum of the wind, tires, and engine. If necessary, let someone else drive. Do not rely on coffee or “stay awake” drugs.
If you feel tired, stop and rest for a 10-minute break at least every two hours. Pull off the highway at the next exit. Find a motel or rest area and relax.
If you must drive, keep shifting your eyes from one area of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) to another. Keep checking the mirrors. Look at objects near and far, left and right.
Cruise Control
Cruise control is best suited for use in rural areas where there is not much traffic. Set the cruise control at or below the posted speed limit. This steady pace saves gasoline and allows for acceleration to pass slower moving vehicles without blocking the left lane for extended periods. Acceleration does not cancel the cruise control setting— depressing the brake pedal will.
Using cruise control in heavy traffic, near large numbers of exit and entrance ramps, or when road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) s are slippery from rain, snow, or ice is not recommended. This could require the constant resetting of the cruise control to the point you are distracted, increasing your risk of being involved in a crash. Most vehicle manufacturers do not recommend using cruise control when towing heavy loads.
Parking Your Vehicle
Crashes sometimes occur because people did not park their vehicles properly. Whenever you park and leave your vehicle, always turn off the engine and set the parking brake. Take the keys and lock your vehicle. Do not rely on the transmission to hold your vehicle in place. Exiting your vehicle into the street can be dangerous. Watch for bicycles, motorcycles, mopeds, or other vehicles that might be passing. Check the mirrors before opening the door for traffic that may not see you. When returning to your vehicle, face oncoming traffic as you approach the driver’s side.
Parking on a Hill
To park on a hill, turn the tires so that if the unattended vehicle starts to roll, it moves into the curb. Always use the parking brake. You cannot expect the transmission to hold your vehicle on a hill.
Parking Violations
Communities may pass parking ordinances for local streets that are stricter than state law. Signs will be posted at the city limits. The owner of a vehicle parked illegally is responsible for any parking tickets. If the vehicle is being leased, the person leasing it is responsible. The following is a partial list of “no parking laws.”
Never Park:
� Where “no stopping,” “no standing,” “no parking,” and “no parking at any time” signs are posted.
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Within 500 feet of a fire or a crash.
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In a space reserved for the disabled, unless you are properly using a disability license plate or placard.
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Within 15 feet of a fire hydrant.
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Within 20 feet of a fire station driveway on the same side of the street or, when marked, within 75 feet of the driveway on the other side of the street.
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Within 50 feet of the nearest rail of a railroad(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) crossing.
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In front of any driveway, alley, theater, emergency exit, or fire escape.
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Next to a road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) where you block the view of drivers turning at an intersection.
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More than 12 inches from the curb.
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Within 30 feet of a stop sign, traffic light, or flashing beacon, including a warning sign.
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In a lane of a highway outside city or village limits if there is a highway shoulder.
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On a bridge or overpass, under a bridge, or in a tunnel.
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On a sidewalk or in front of a public or private driveway.
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Within an intersection or crosswalk.
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Within 20 feet of a marked crosswalk or 15 feet of an intersection if there is no crosswalk.
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On the street-side of a legally parked vehicle (double
parking).
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In a manner that obstructs delivery of mail to a rural mailbox.
How to Help Reduce Auto Theft/Carjacking
Auto theft costs motorists millions of dollars each year. Be aware of your surroundings, especially who is around your vehicle, whether you are driving or leaving your vehicle in a parking lot. When parking your vehicle, park in a well-lighted lot, close all windows, keep expensive goods out of sight and locked up, remove the keys, and lock the vehicle. Consider buying a vehicle alarm. To report auto theft, telephone the police. Then telephone HEAT (Help Eliminate Auto Thefts) at 800/242-HEAT.
In a carjacking, one or more people take a car from the owner by force. Sometimes, they stage a minor rear-end incident called a “bump and run” at a traffic light or stop sign. When you get out to inspect the damage, one person robs you while the other steals your vehicle. If you are confronted with this situation, stay in your car. Wait for police or drive to an area where help is available. If you are threatened, prepare to drive on.
Other Safety Tips
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Keep your vehicle in good working condition.
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Have your vehicle identification number (VIN) chemically etched on the car window and main parts to help prevent your car from being stolen for parts.
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Alarms and interlocks to prevent other kinds of car theft can also discourage amateur carjackers.
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Tell people your route and estimated time of arrival at your beginning and ending stops.
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When driving, keep doors and windows locked. Stay alert for danger. If available, take freeways rather than streets through high-crime areas.
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Close a sunroof at night and in high-risk areas.
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Do not get out to fix a flat tire. Try to drive slowly to a service station or store with a well-lighted parking lot and telephone for service.
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Choose the safest route to any destination. Park as close to that destination as possible.
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Always have keys ready when returning to the car. While you are still outside the car, check the interior for possible intruders.
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If someone acting suspiciously approaches your vehicle, try to drive away or sound the horn.
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In case of danger, stay inside the locked car.
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If you are in trouble, use a cellular telephone if available.
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If a carjacker wants the vehicle, give it up without a fight. A car can be replaced, but personal safety is priceless. Stay calm. Get a good description of the carjackers.
Sharing the Road
Safely — Be Courteous!
Drivers of all ages need to be concerned with traffic laws, courtesy, and safety. This section reminds you that you share the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) with a variety of traffic such as commercial trucks, emergency vehicles, motorcycles, mopeds, bicyclists, and pedestrians. It is important to be patient with all who use the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) . This section will help you understand how to drive in a manner that reduces the risk of a traffic crash and the risk of road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) rage.
Safe driving involves more than learning the basics of operating a vehicle and memorizing the rules of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) . Safe driving also requires good judgment and reflexes, experience, patience, and common sense.
A young driver’s understanding and judgment may not be as well developed as an experienced driver’s. Middle-aged drivers may grow complacent about their driving ability after years of driving. Older drivers have years of experience on the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) , but may face challenges brought about by losses in vision, hearing, attentiveness, decision-making ability, or reaction time. Research indicates older drivers can improve their driving ability through additional training, enabling them to maintain their driver’s license while driving safely. Some communities offer driving skill programs for older drivers.
Distracted Driving
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates driver distractions account for 25 percent to 30 percent of the 6.5 million crashes recorded nationally every year. Even seemingly simple tasks such as tuning a radio can be risky, especially in bad weather or heavy traffic. In the estimated quarter of a second it takes the brain to shift attention between two tasks, a car going 65 mph covers 24 feet. Here are ways you can minimize in-vehicle distractions:
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If you use a cellular phone, use an imbedded or hands-free model. Don’t make or accept calls during demanding driving situations such as heavy traffic, winding road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) s, or bad weather. Don’t take notes or look up phone numbers while driving. Avoid stressful or confrontational conversations.
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Pre-program your favorite radio stations for easy access and arrange tapes and CDs in an easy-to-reach spot.
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Designate a front-seat passenger to serve as a “co-pilot,” rather than fumble with maps or navigation systems. If you are driving alone, map out destinations in advance.
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If you can’t avoid eating while driving, choose easy-tohandle items and make sure all drinks are secured in cup holders.
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Teach children the importance of good behavior while in a vehicle. Don’t underestimate how distracting it can be to tend to them in the car.
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Take a break if you find yourself “lost in thought” while driving.
Tips for Sharing the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) When Driving
When driving, you’ll share the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) with pedestrians, trucks, farm tractors, and road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) repair and snow removal equipment. Keep the following guidelines in mind when driving:
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Use extra care when sharing the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) with pedestrians, bicycles, motorcycles, and mopeds. They are small and hard to see.
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Watch for delivery and commercial vehicles that make frequent stops. Allow more following distance than usual.
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Check your vehicle mirrors and look over your shoulder
for approaching traffic when pulling into traffic from curbside parking or driveways.
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Be alert and listen for all-terrain vehicles and snowmobiles and watch for signs warning of trails and crosswalks along the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) way.
Pedestrians
As a driver, watch out and always yield the right-of-way to people walking, jogging, biking, crossing a street in the middle of a block, or darting from between parked vehicles. Watch for them when entering a street from a driveway or alley, at stop signs, traffic signals, crosswalks, and intersections.
After a traffic light turns green, yield to people crossing a street or vehicles that may still be turning in front of you or crossing the intersection.
When there are no sidewalks, pedestrians should walk on the side of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) facing oncoming traffic. Parents should teach their children this, but drivers must watch for pedestrians.
Be alert for joggers who may be running along road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) ways. Joggers should wear reflective clothing, use sidewalks or road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) way shoulders, and avoid jogging at night, dawn, dusk, or during bad weather. Joggers, like other pedestrians, should be on the side of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) facing oncoming traffic.
Blind Pedestrians
Michigan law requires you to stop or yield the right-ofway when you see a pedestrian with a white cane or guide dog. Only the blind may carry white canes. Avoid honking the horn or revving the engine; these noises are distracting and cover important audible cues used by the blind. Also avoid blocking designated crosswalks. This makes it especially difficult for a visually impaired or blind person to cross the street. It is also an inconvenience for others attempting to cross and violates the rule of always yielding to pedestrians.
Emergency Vehicles
Yield the right-of-way to an emergency vehicle that is approaching from any direction or has stopped when it is displaying flashing warning lights and/or sounding a siren or other audible warning. Emergency vehicles include ambulances, fire department vehicles, police vehicles, and privately owned vehicles for firefighter or life support agencies.
Failure to yield or exercise due caution when passing a stopped emergency vehicle is a civil infraction. In addition, it is a felony to injure or kill emergency personnel for failure to yield or exercise due caution when passing a stationary emergency vehicle. For more information about the points given for traffic convictions involving emergency vehicles, please refer to pages 35, 51 and 52.
When you see a stopped emergency vehicle:
� Slow down and move over a lane if possible. If traffic or other conditions prevent you from changing lanes, you must slow down and proceed with due caution.
When an emergency vehicle is approaching:
Pull over to the edge of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) way, clear of intersections, and stop.
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Remain there until the emergency vehicle has passed. Watch for others. There may be several other emergency vehicles.
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Keep a foot on the brake so the brake lights let emergency vehicle drivers know you have stopped.
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Stay at least 500 feet behind any moving emergency vehicle displaying flashing warning lights and sounding a siren.
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Never pass a moving emergency vehicle displaying flashing warning lights unless directed to do so by the
emergency vehicle driver or a law enforcement officer.
Sharing the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) with Commercial Vehicles
When a commercial vehicle such as a truck or a bus collides with smaller vehicles, people in the smaller vehicles are much more likely to be severely injured or killed. An automobile driver needs to know the following:
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Commercial vehicle drivers cannot stop or maneuver their vehicles as easily as a passenger vehicle.
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Commercial vehicle drivers may not be able to see vehicles alongside or close behind their commercial vehicles. Stay out of their blind spots.
The factors above are the result of size and weight differences between the two types of vehicles, but vehicle size and weight do not cause crashes—drivers do. Remember to:
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Keep a safe distance behind a truck or bus. Maintain a following distance of at least four seconds behind these and other large or special-use vehicles. Extend this distance as weather or road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) conditions deteriorate.
Signal intended lane changes or turns well in advance.
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Never cut off a truck or bus, force it to slow down, or to stop suddenly.
Allow enough time and distance to pass safely.
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Be careful when passing a truck or bus. Often, commercial vehicle drivers cannot see you.
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Be even more careful passing a truck with a trailer. Often, a driver must swing out to the left or right before making a turn. The driver may not see you and could force you off the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) .
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Slow down if a truck or bus is passing you, especially during bad weather. Splash or spray from their tires can reduce visibility. Start your wipers before the vehicle passes.
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At night, use low beam headlights when following a truck or bus.
Tips for Motorcycle Operators
Motorcycle operators have the right to use a full traffic lane. Sometimes they may be forced from one side of the lane to the other by strong winds or a bumpy road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) .
Motorcycle operators need to remember that, because of the motorcycle’s smaller size, motorcycles appear to be farther away than they really are, making it hard for other motorists to judge their speed. Any crash between a larger vehicle and a motorcycle almost always injures or kills the motorcyclist.
Michigan law requires all motorcycle operators and passengers to wear approved, properly fastened safety helmets on their heads. The safety helmet must meet U.S. Department of Transportation standards and be properly labeled.
For protection, all motorcycle riders should wear gloves, reflective clothing, jackets and pants that cover arms and legs completely, and sturdy boots or shoes high enough to cover ankles.
When riding at 35 mph or more, motorcycle operators must use shatterproof goggles, a face shield, or windshield for eye protection. Eye protection is always recommended.
Motorcycle operators should use hand and arm signals even with their motorcycle’s turn signals. For more information, obtain a Michigan Motorcycle Operator Manual at a Secretary of State branch office or visit the Secretary of State Web site.
Tips for Sharing the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) with Motorcycles
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It is illegal to drive beside a motorcycle in the same traffic lane. However, two motorcycle riders may drive side by side in the same lane.
Always treat motorcycle operators with courtesy.
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Leave plenty of extra space between your vehicle and a motorcycle ahead. Motorcycles can usually stop in shorter distances and may suddenly swerve to avoid obstacles.
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Pass as you would another vehicle, but not so fast or so close that your tires throw dirt or stones into the rider’s face, or a draft from your vehicle blows the motorcycle about.
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Before changing lanes, check to see if a motorcycle is in the space where you plan to move. After you pass, look again before you move back into the other lane. Many motorcycle-vehicle crashes happen when drivers fail to check their blind spots before turning, changing lanes, backing up, or parking.
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The single headlight or taillight of a motorcycle can blend into the lights of other vehicles. A single light in traffic may mean a motorcycle.
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When making left turns, be alert for possible oncoming motorcycles.
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Some motorcycles do not have self-canceling turn signals. So watch for clues such as motorcycle operators or passengers turning their heads to look behind, or motorcycle operators beginning to lean or tilt their vehicles.
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When coming up behind a motorcycle, slow down sooner than you would for other vehicles. Leave plenty of space.
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When pulling out of a side street, remember that an oncoming motorcycle is probably much closer and coming much faster than it appears.
Bicycles and Mopeds
Much of the advice about motorcyclists also applies to bicycle and moped riders. Bicycle and moped riders are allowed to ride in a traffic lane, but must stay as far to the right as practical, obey traffic signals, not ride more than two abreast in a single lane, and must ride in the same direction as other traffic.
A bicycle or moped ridden after dark must have a front headlight and rear reflector. But these may be hard to see. A person riding a bicycle on a sidewalk meant for pedestrians must yield the right-of-way to pedestrians and sound a horn or bell before overtaking and passing a pedestrian.
Watch the side of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) for bicycles and mopeds without reflectors. Be ready to dim the headlights. While it is safer not to, you may drive beside a bicycle or moped in the same lane. Leave plenty of room. A rider may turn sharply to avoid something in the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) or a door being opened from a parked vehicle.
The Michigan Vehicle Code does not require vehicles such as go-peds and electric scooters to be registered. Some municipalities have outlawed the use of go-peds and electric scooters on road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) s and sidewalks.
Although the law only requires moped riders under age 19 to wear approved, properly fastened safety helmets, all moped and bicycle riders should wear them as well as reflective clothing.
The Segway Scooter (Electric Personal Assistance Mobility Devices)
The Segway Scooter is an upright, self-balancing, two-wheeled device that is powered by an electric propulsion system. To operate the scooter, riders stand on the scooter’s platform using handlebars for support and shift their weight to propel, steer, and stop. The Segway has a top speed of 15 mph.
Under Michigan law, Segway scooters must follow many of the same regulations involving bicycles and mopeds, including yielding right-of-way to pedestrians and prohibiting the scooter’s use on sidewalks or road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) s if bicycle paths are available. Segway scooters cannot be used on road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) s with a speed limit of more than 25 mph. In addition, passengers are not allowed on Segway scooters and drivers must not carry any packages, articles, or objects that prevent them from keeping both hands on the scooter’s handlebars. If the Segway scooter is ridden at night, it must be equipped with the same lights and reflectors as required on bicycles.
Michigan law also allows local municipalities to post signs in business districts or along waterfronts to further regulate the operation of Segway scooters based on the safety, health, and welfare of their residents. The Department of State does not title or register Segway scooters. For more information about the law and any local ordinances, please contact your local law enforcement agency.
School Buses: Alternately Flashing School Bus Lights*
With Overhead Red Lights Only
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Overhead red lights are flashing and bus is moving — prepare to stop.
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Overhead red lights are flashing and bus is stopped. Stop no closer than 20 feet from the bus.
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Proceed when red lights are turned off and it is safe to do so.
With Alternately Flashing Overhead Red and Yellow Lights
�
Overhead yellow lights are flashing — prepare to stop.
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Overhead red lights are flashing. Stop no closer than 20 feet from the bus.
�
Proceed when red lights are turned off and it is safe to do so.
All School Buses
� Yellow hazard warning lights are flashing on moving or stopped bus — proceed with caution.
It is not necessary to stop for a school bus that has stopped on the other side of a divided highway where the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) is separated by a barrier. *AAA Michigan, 1994
Aggressive Driving and road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) Rage
Watch for aggressive drivers. Aggressive drivers run stop signs and red lights, speed, tailgate, weave their vehicles in and out of traffic, pass on the right, and may make improper hand gestures. They sometimes yell at you, honk their horns, or flash their headlights.
You must watch for these drivers because their actions place them and other motorists at an increased risk for traffic accidents. We have all seen aggressive drivers. They disregard their own safety as well as that of others. Do not be an aggressive driver. Be courteous and aware of the traffic around you. Take a moment to think about the driving behaviors that bother you. If you drive in the same manner, your behavior probably annoys other drivers. Avoid the following behaviors:
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Merging improperly. Failing to merge smoothly disrupts the flow of traffic. Always try to merge smoothly when entering the expressway or turning from one road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) to another. If you see a driver making an ill-advised merge or turn, slow down and give him or her room. Getting angry will not help and your anger could adversely affect your judgment, resulting in a traffic crash. A driver may be wrong, but how important is it to prove you are right? Do not risk injury or death because you feel you have been wronged when driving. It is much wiser to back off and allow the driver to merge.
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Driving slowly in the left lane. Under Michigan law, drivers on multiple-lane road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) ways are required to drive in the right-hand lane except when overtaking and passing. Use all lanes properly and obey the speed limit. If you are using the left-hand lane to pass slower traffic and someone tailgates you, move back into the right-hand lane when it is safe to do so and allow the faster traffic to move ahead.
Driving in the left-hand lane and allowing traffic to build up behind you increases the chances aggressive drivers may take careless risks attempting to get around you.
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Tailgating. This is another aggressive-driver trait. If another driver tailgates you, pull over and let him or her pass. It is much better to have these unsafe drivers in front where you can see them rather than having them driving on your rear bumper.
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Gestures. Never gesture at other drivers when you become angry. If another driver is gesturing to you when you have made a driving error, let him or her know you are sorry. Everyone makes mistakes. Returning gestures or becoming angry will not correct your mistake. It will only serve to make both of you angrier and increase the risk of confrontation or a traffic crash. Don’t let yourself become a victim of road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) rage.
Always remember that safe driving is affected by your driving attitude and your ability to control your stress and anger.
Emergencies and
Special Situations
This section suggests ways to handle emergencies and special situations. Remember, driving requires complete attention. Unexpected events can happen very quickly, leaving little time to react. Plan ahead.
Emergencies
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Never stop on a freeway except for an emergency. If you must stop, turn on the emergency hazard flashers, slow down gradually, and pull all the way off the pavement as soon as safely possible.
�
When stopped, always be alert for approaching and passing vehicles and stay well off the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) way. Raise the hood, tie a handkerchief on the radio antenna, driver-side door handle or mirror, then lock the doors and wait for assistance. If you must leave your vehicle, close the hood and lock the vehicle.
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When traveling alone or with children at night, it may be a good idea to stay in the vehicle with windows closed and doors locked. It is dangerous and illegal to walk on a freeway.
�
If your vehicle’s hood opens while driving, slow down while looking through the windshield between the hood and dashboard or out the window for a place to stop safely.
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Carry a flashlight, flares, or warning triangles to warn other drivers of a disabled vehicle at night. Put flares at least 100 feet behind the vehicle at the side of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) . Additional flares placed beside and 100 feet ahead of the vehicle add more protection.
Braking
Under normal stopping situations, all brake systems are applied the same way—a steady firm push on the brake pedal. Under extreme conditions, such as on snow, ice, or in an emergency stop on dry pavement, antilock brake systems work differently than other brake systems.
In a vehicle with antilock brakes, apply the brake with hard firm pressure from the start and maintain this pressure until you have stopped. You may feel or hear vibrations and/or pulsations—this is normal.
In a vehicle without antilock brakes, apply the brakes just hard enough to not lock the wheels. If the wheels do lock, release pressure and apply the brakes again. This method of braking is sometimes referred to as “threshold” or “controlled” braking.
Skids
When driving on snow or a slippery road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) , slow down gradually. Test the vehicle’s brakes lightly to get a feel for the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) . Most skids happen when a driver tries to turn at too high a rate of speed or stop suddenly on slippery pavement.
To prevent a skid in vehicles with standard brakes, use steady pressure on the brakes without locking them. This method allows the wheels to turn, maintaining steering control. If the vehicle has full antilock brakes, maintain brake pressure and steer.
If the vehicle begins to skid, remain calm and do the following:
To Steer Out of a Skid
�
Take your foot off the accelerator.
�
Turn the front wheels only enough to keep them pointed in the direction you want to go and no farther.
�
Be prepared for a secondary skid in the opposite direction.
�
Again, turn the wheels in the direction you want to go. Then straighten the wheels to bring the vehicle under control.
Driving in Bad Weather
Preventive maintenance prior to the winter season is the best way to ensure safe travel. Regularly check fluid levels such as power steering, brake, windshield washer, and oil.
Make sure the antifreeze is strong enough to prevent freezing and fresh enough to prevent rust. In cold weather, you may also want to change the windshield washer fluid to one containing antifreeze.
Leave extra time and drive more slowly when it is foggy, raining, or snowing and conditions are hazardous. Allow greater following distance in bad weather. In cold weather, bridges and underpasses freeze before the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) does.
Rain
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When it begins to rain, the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) s are most slippery during the first half-hour. This is because oil dropped from passing vehicles has not been washed away. Be especially cautious at intersections where oil deposits may be heavier. Slow down and allow at least twice the normal following distance.
�
Brakes may become wet after driving through deep water or during heavy rain. Test them, as they may pull to one side or the other, or they may not hold at all. Slow down and gently push on the brake pedal until the brakes work properly again.
�
It is possible to lose control of the vehicle on a wet road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) because the tires ride on top of the water. This is called hydroplaning. This can happen if the vehicle’s tires are worn or tire pressure is low.
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When it is foggy, drive slowly. Turn on the low beam headlights. Be ready for a fast stop. If the fog becomes so thick that you cannot see at all, pull off the pavement and stop. Turn on the four-way emergency flashers and wait until the fog lifts.
Using the Headlights
The distance you can see ahead is reduced at night, so driving is more dangerous.
�
Headlights must be turned on one half-hour after sunset until one half-hour before sunrise, and at other times when visibility is reduced. Use low-beam headlights when it is foggy, raining, or snowing during the day.
�
Headlights must be turned on any time there is not enough daylight to see people and vehicles clearly at 500 feet. It is illegal to drive a vehicle with only parking lights on.
�
You should be able to stop within the clear distance you can see ahead. When driving at night, it is most important to drive within the range of the headlights.
�
It is illegal to use or even flash high-beam headlights within 500 feet of an oncoming vehicle. Also, dim lights for pedestrians and cyclists.
�
If oncoming drivers do not dim their headlights, keep your eyes on the right edge of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) ahead. Do not look straight at oncoming headlights. The glare may blind you for several seconds. A dirty windshield will make headlight glare worse.
�
Do not use high beams when driving behind other vehicles. The reflection of bright lights in a driver’s rearview mirror can be distracting.
If an Oncoming Vehicle is in Your Lane
�
If there is time, tap the horn to warn the other driver.
�
Brake hard, but do not lock the wheels in a vehicle that is not equipped with antilock brakes.
�
Look for an escape route on the right edge of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) .
�
Try not to go to the left since the other driver may see you and return to his or her proper lane.
�
Try an emergency stop in your lane only if there is enough room and you cannot pull off the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) .
�
If you cannot stop before hitting another vehicle, try to steer around the vehicle. Do not turn more than needed to avoid a crash.
When Involved in a Crash
�
Stop and remain at the scene.
�
Help secure medical aid for the injured.
�
If possible, get off the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) way and/or move vehicles out of the path of traffic.
�
Notify the police if there are injuries or property damage.
�
Exchange names, addresses, driver’s license numbers, and registration and insurance information with the other driver(s) involved.
�
Leaving the scene of an accident could result in fines and/or imprisonment.
The Car/Deer Collision
At night, be alert for shining eyes at the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) side. Slow down. Be ready to stop—deer are very unpredictable. Try not to swerve if a deer enters the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) way. If one deer is visible, others may be nearby. If you hit a deer, report it to the local or state police, sheriff’s department, or the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. They also can provide a permit to keep it.
Other Safety Tips
�
Never turn the ignition to the “lock” position while your vehicle is in motion. This will cause the steering to lock. Once the steering locks, if you try to turn the steering wheel, you will lose control of the vehicle.
�
Never leave keys in the car or ignition.
�
Make sure there is enough gas.
�
Be aware of your surroundings. Is there a police or fire station nearby, open service station, or other open business to get help should you need it?
�
Do not hitchhike or pick up hitchhikers.
Snowmobiles, ORVs, and
Watercraft —
Some Facts to Know
Michigan provides many recreational opportunities for snowmobiles, off-road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) vehicles (ORVs), and watercraft with its extensive network of trails and more than 11,000 lakes. With so many outdoor enthusiasts enjoying Michigan’s trails and waterways, we offer this special section on snowmobiles, ORVs, and watercraft. Additional information is available on our Web site.
Snowmobiles
You may register your snowmobile at any Secretary of State branch office. All snowmobiles used on public lands must display a three-year registration and an annual Snowmobile Trail Permit sticker. Snowmobile trail permits are required of nonresidents as well as residents. They are not required for snowmobiles used on private land. Agents of the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR), including sporting goods stores, local retailers, snowmobile dealers, department stores, and resort motels, sell trail permits. Visit the DNR Web site at www.michigan.gov/dnr for the location nearest you.
Off-road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) Vehicles (ORVs)
The Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) issues all ORV decals. The decals are valid for one year. All ORVs operated in Michigan must display a valid ORV decal except in special circumstances. Please contact the DNR for more information.
Snowmobiles, ORVs, and Alcohol
Michigan’s tough stand against drinking and driving now includes snowmobiles and ORVs in an effort to reduce the risk of injury, death, or damage to personal property. State law requires the Secretary of State to record on your driver record any violations and points you receive for drinking while operating a snowmobile or ORV. Points added to your driver record may result in your driver’s license being suspended or revoked, preventing you from driving any motor vehicle in Michigan. Fines and penalties increase with additional convictions.
You may also be denied an original Commercial Driver License and an original Driver Training Instructor License.
A Summary of Snowmobile (SM) and ORV Crimes
First conviction
OWI
�
(ORV) Up to 12 days of community service.
�
(SM) Up to 45 days of community service.
�
(SM, ORV) Up to 93 days in jail.
�
(SM, ORV) Fines up to $300.
�
(SM, ORV) May not operate SM/ORV for 90 days to one year.
�
(SM, ORV) Four points added to driver record.
Second conviction within seven years
OWI
�
(ORV) Up to 12 days of community service.
�
(ORV) Up to one year in jail.
�
(ORV) Fines up to $1,000.
�
(ORV) May not operate ORV for six months to 18 months.
�
(SM) 10 days to 90 days of community service and jail up to one year OR
� Up to 90 days community service and jail for two days to one year.
�
(SM) Fines from $200 to $1,000.
�
(SM) May not operate SM for six months to two years.
(SM, ORV) Four points added to driver record.
First conviction
OUIL/OUID/UBAC—One or more of the following:
�
(ORV) Up to 12 days community service.
�
(SM) Up to 45 days of community service.
�
(SM, ORV) Up to 93 days in jail.
�
(SM, ORV) Fines from $100 to $500.
�
(SM, ORV) May not operate SM/ORV for six months to two years.
�
(SM, ORV) Six points added to driver record.
Second conviction within seven years
OUIL/OUID/UBAC
�
(ORV) Up to 12 days community service.
�
(SM) 10 days to 90 days of community service and jail up to one year OR
� Up to 90 days community service and jail for two days to one year.
�
(ORV) Up to $1000 fine.
�
(SM) Fines from $200 to $1,000.
�
(ORV) May not operate ORV for one to two years.
�
(SM) Revocation of SM operating privileges.
�
(SM, ORV) Six points added to driver record.
Any conviction
OUIL/OWI (causing serious injury—felony)
�
(SM, ORV) Up to five years in jail OR
� fines from $1,000 to $5,000, or both.
(SM) Revocation of SM operating privileges.
(SM, ORV) Six points added to driver record.
OUIL/OWI (causing death—felony)
�
(SM, ORV) Up to 15 years in jail OR
� fines from $2,500 to $10,000, or both.
(SM) Revocation of SM operating privileges.
(SM, ORV) Six points added to driver record.
Watercraft
All watercraft on Michigan waters, including privately owned lakes and waterways, must be registered except:
�
Watercraft 16 ft. or less, propelled by oars or paddles, and not used for rental or commercial purposes,
�
Non-motorized canoes and kayaks not used for rental or commercial purposes, rafts, surfboards, and swim floats, regardless of length,
�
Watercraft registered in another state and used only temporarily in Michigan.
For most watercraft, the registration fee is based on the length of the watercraft. All registrations expire on March 31 in the third year of issuance.
A Summary of Watercraft Crimes
OWI/OWI by drugs
First conviction
� May not operate a watercraft for six months to one
year. Second conviction within seven years
May not operate a watercraft for one to two years. Third conviction within 10 years
Revocation of watercraft operating privileges.
OUIL/UBAC/OUID/Combined OUIL/UBAC/ Combined OUIL/OUID
First conviction
May not operate a watercraft for one to two years.
Second conviction within seven years
� May not operate a watercraft for two years.
Third conviction within 10 years
Revocation of watercraft operating privileges.
OUIL/OUID (causing injury—felony)/OUIL/OUID (causing death—felony)
Revocation of watercraft operating privileges.
Titles, Insurance, Registrations, and License Plates
Vehicles are required to be titled, registered, insured, and display a valid license plate to operate on Michigan road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) ways. The Secretary of State provides a variety of ways Michigan motorists may easily complete these requirements. In this section, you will find information on how to register and keep your motor vehicle legal.
Title Certificates
A title is a legal document that shows who owns certain property. In Michigan, motor vehicles, trailer coaches, trailers weighing 2,500 pounds or more empty, off-road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) vehicles, pickup campers, mobile homes, and watercraft 20 feet and over or with a permanently affixed engine must be titled.
New Residents
New Michigan residents must immediately title and register their vehicles at a branch office and turn in the titles or other proofs of ownership from their previous home state. “Resident” means every person who resides in a settled or permanent home or domicile with the intention of remaining in this state. A person who obtains employment in Michigan is presumed to have the intention of remaining here.
Buying a Vehicle in Another State
If your vehicle was purchased in another state, submit the assigned title or proof of ownership when applying for Michigan title and registration. Tax will be due on either the purchase price or the retail value of the vehicle, whichever is greater. However, credit may be given for taxes paid in another state.
Buying a Vehicle from a Dealer
When you buy a new or used vehicle from a licensed Michigan dealer, the dealer provides all necessary forms and ownership documents, collects the necessary fees and taxes, files the title application with a Secretary of State branch office within 15 days from the date of delivery, purchases or transfers the license plate, and provides copies of all paperwork.
By law, the dealer must immediately provide a copy of each document you sign at the time of signing. Never sign any blank documents or sign a document without reading it carefully.
Buying a Vehicle from an Individual
When buying a vehicle titled in Michigan from an individual, all owners named on the face of the title must sign the title assignment as sellers. The title assignment must show the name and address of the purchasers, the name of the sellers, the date of sale, the current mileage reading, and the selling price.
If possible, the buyer and seller should complete the title transfer together at a Secretary of State branch office. The title transfer must be filed with the Secretary of State within 15 days from the date of the sale to avoid a late fee. If the title shows there was a lien (loan) on the vehicle, you need to get a discharge of lien from the lending institution shown on the title. Submit the discharge form with the title. By law, you may drive an unregistered vehicle to the first place of storage (usually home) within three days of purchase. You must carry the properly assigned title and use the most direct route.
Tax Liability
Although the Secretary of State collects use tax when the title is transferred, the final determination of the tax owed on vehicle transfers is made by the Michigan Department of Treasury.
Use tax is due on the purchase price or the retail value of the vehicle, whichever is greater.
If the Department of Treasury determines the tax liability differs from the amount collected with the title transfer, you must pay the difference plus interest. Additional penalties, including criminal prosecution, may apply.
Use Tax Exemption for a Relative
Michigan law grants an exemption from use tax when the buyer and seller have a qualifying relationship limited to spouse; mother, stepmother; father, stepfather; brother, stepbrother; sister, stepsister; child, adopted child and stepchild; grandparent; grandchild; legal ward; and legally-appointed guardian with a certified letter of guardianship.
Relationships that Do Not Qualify for a Tax Exemption
Relationships that do not qualify for a tax exemption include all in-laws (for example: father-in-law, mother-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, sister-in-law, brother-in-law), aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces, nephews, step-grandparents, step-grandchildren, former spouses, and common-law relationships unless the common-law marriage took place before January 1, 1957.
Supporting Your Claim
Anyone claiming a use tax exemption based on a family relationship may be requested by the Department of Treasury to produce documents supporting the claim. Documents supporting your claim must show the relationship of the new owner to the previous owner.
It is not the responsibility of Secretary of State offices to verify claims, so you do not need to have supporting documents with you when you transfer the title. For additional tax exemption information please contact the Michigan Department of Treasury at 517/636-4730.
Odometer Statement
Under federal and state law, the mileage for most motor vehicles must be recorded when assigning a title. Vehicles 10 years old or older are exempt. The seller enters the mileage reading in the indicated area of title assignment and states whether the mileage is actual, not actual, or exceeds the mechanical limits of the odometer.
Buyers should compare the declared mileage with the mileage shown on the odometer.
Selling a Vehicle
When selling a vehicle, you should try to meet the buyer at a Secretary of State branch office to complete the title transfer. If this is not possible, photocopy the front and back of the vehicle title after completing the seller’s portion of the title.
As the seller, complete the seller’s portions of the title assignment by entering the vehicle mileage, the buyer’s name and address, date, and selling price. If more than one owner is named on the front of the title, each person must sign his or her full name as seller. Have the buyer enter his or her name, address, and signature in the buyer’s portion of the title assignment. Alterations on a title void it. Give the buyer the release form if a lien (loan) is shown on the title.
Keep the license plate. Never leave it on the vehicle or let the buyer use it. You may be able to transfer it to your next vehicle. Contact your insurance company to cancel coverage on the sold vehicle.
Insurance Required
Owners of passenger vehicles and trucks must purchase Michigan no-fault insurance before registering a vehicle. Outof-state insurance policies cannot be used to meet Michigan insurance requirements for registering a vehicle.
Keep proof of insurance in your vehicle or carry it with you whenever you drive. If you cannot show proof of insurance to a law enforcement officer, the court may order the Secretary of State to suspend your driver’s license. Until proof of insurance is shown, the Secretary of State will not renew, transfer, or replace the vehicle’s license plate. You may be required to prove the vehicle is insured for not less than six months and pay $50, plus any other fees required by law. The plate could also be canceled if proof of insurance is not produced. If a false certificate of insurance is shown to a law enforcement officer, the plate will be canceled and you may be sentenced up to one year in jail and fined up to $1,000. Motorcycles must also be insured, but are not required to carry no-fault insurance.
Registration
All motor vehicles and trailers used on Michigan road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) s must be registered and display valid license plates. To register a motor vehicle, provide proof of insurance and either the previous registration or proof of ownership.
When renewing a license plate, you will receive a new registration certificate. Sign the registration in the space provided. You may be ticketed for a registration or plate violation if your vehicle registration is not signed. The registration should always be kept with you or in your vehicle. You will be asked to show the registration and proof of insurance if stopped by a law enforcement officer.
Your license plate, including a personalized plate, for your automobile, motor home, pickup or van expires on your birthday. Motorcycle plates expire March 31. For more information, visit the Secretary of State Web site.
Low-Speed Vehicles
A valid driver’s license is required to operate a low-speed vehicle. Low-speed vehicles are electric powered with a top speed of 25 mph. They are subject to regular titling and registration requirements, and all traffic laws. They may be operated on road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) s having a speed limit of 35 mph or less and may cross road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) s with higher speed limits.
License Plate Renewal Forms
Your Personal Identification Number (PIN)
If your insurance company has electronically verified your insurance coverage with the Secretary of State, you will find a nine-digit personal identification number (PIN) in the lower left corner of your registration renewal notice.
If you have a PIN on your registration renewal notice, you do not need to provide proof of insurance when renewing by Internet, touch-tone telephone, mail, or in person at a branch office. If you own more than one vehicle, a different PIN will be printed on each vehicle registration.
Renewal by Internet and Touch-Tone Telephone
You can renew over the Internet or by touch-tone telephone if your registration renewal notice contains a PIN and all the information is correct. If you need to change your address, or your registration is expired for more than 30 days, please renew by mail or at a branch office.
To renew by Internet or touch-tone telephone, follow the easy instructions in your renewal notice. Payment is by VISA, MasterCard or Discover credit cards only. Your new registration and tab will be mailed to the address printed on the renewal notice within 10 days.
Renewal by Mail
You will receive a preprinted license plate renewal notice in the mail about 45 days before your license plate expires. Please make sure all information is correct. Indicate address changes on the renewal application. In the envelope provided, return your application, payment, and proof of Michigan no-fault insurance (if your renewal notice does not contain a PIN). Payment is by check, money order, or VISA, MasterCard or Discover credit cards. Renewal by Mail is a convenient way to renew. If you no longer own the vehicle or the plate, destroy the renewal notice.
License Plates Stay with the Owner
When you buy a license plate for your vehicle, the plate stays in your name. If you sell the vehicle, keep your license plate and registration. You may transfer your license plate to another vehicle you own at a Secretary of State branch office.
Personalized License Plates
Personalized license plates are available in a blue-andwhite, Great Lakes Splendor, university, patriotic, and special cause versions. The Secretary of State’s online program Plate It Your Way allows you to check for the availability of a personalized plate before going to a branch office to order it. Plate It Your Way saves you time and makes it easy to design the personalized plate you want. Personalized plates cannot be ordered online; they must be ordered in person at a branch office. Personalized plates may be purchased each year for the annual registration fee plus a yearly service fee, which is used for litter cleanup along state road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) s.
Specialty and Fundraising License Plates
The Secretary of State offers a variety of license plate styles. Choices include the traditional blue-and-white plate, the Great Lakes Splendor plate, and several plates recognizing veterans, ex-prisoners of war, and members of the National Guard.
The Secretary of State also offers fundraising license plates to raise money for the Northern Michigan Olympic Education Center, Michigan’s 15 state-supported universities, the American Red Cross and the Salvation Army, and the following six state-supported causes: agricultural heritage, children, lighthouses, veterans, water quality, and wildlife habitat.
For information on license plate availability, fees, and ordering, please contact a Secretary of State branch office or visit the Secretary of State Web site.
Buying 14-day Permits
You can buy a 14-day permit instead of a license plate if you want to move an unlicensed vehicle or trailer. Bring proof of ownership, such as a title or previous registration, and your proof of insurance. This permit cannot be issued for a vehicle used to transport passengers for hire or for transporting goods, wares, or merchandise.
13 Disabilities and Parking
This section provides information on disabilities and parking. Laws for parking vehicles and issuing disability parking placards and license plates are intended to allow persons with disabilities easier access when conducting business, shopping, or enjoying the many attractions Michigan offers. All drivers must be aware of Michigan’s disability parking laws. Local municipalities enforce disability parking laws.
License Plates for Individuals with Disabilities
If you have a disability that significantly limits your ability to walk, or are legally blind, you can obtain a disability license plate at no extra cost. The license plate allows you, or someone driving your vehicle while transporting you, to park in any disability parking space.
A household member may also apply for a disability license plate if he or she is responsible for providing your transportation. Disability license plates are also issued to facilities serving and transporting persons with disabilities.
Disability license plate applications are available at Secretary of State branch offices and must be certified by your physician.
Reduced Fee Registration For Certain Vans
Under state law, if you use a wheelchair and own a van with a disability license plate, or if someone in your household owns the van and uses it to transport you, then the annual registration fee is reduced 50 percent.
Disability Parking Placards
The Secretary of State issues two types of disability parking placards. A temporary disability placard is issued for up to six months, usually to people who are temporarily disabled because of injury such as a broken leg, surgery, or a medical condition that is expected to improve. A temporary disability placard may not be renewed when it expires. A new application must be completed before another temporary disability placard can be issued.
A permanent disability placard is issued for four years to people with a disability that is medically not expected to improve. A permanent disability placard may be renewed for an additional four-year period at any Secretary of State branch office. This renewal can be done up to 45 days prior to a placards expiration and no additional application needs to be completed.
Applications for disability parking placards are available at Secretary of State branch offices or by calling 517/322-6274 or on the department’s Web site. Your physician must complete and sign the application before you submit it to the Secretary of State.
Do not drive with a disability placard hanging from your rearview mirror. This reduces your ability to see clearly. Display the disability placard after parking your vehicle and remove it before driving.
Free Parking
Free parking is offered to persons with severe disabilities and requires use of a free parking sticker.
A person with a disability must have a valid driver’s license to qualify for a free parking sticker.
Free parking at public ramps and parking meters is limited to those people who have the free parking sticker attached to their disability placard.
Free parking is issued only if a physician certifies that the person with a disability lacks the manual dexterity to put coins in a meter, cannot walk more than 20 feet, or cannot access a meter due to use of a wheelchair or other device.
Persons with a disability who qualify for free parking must display a disability placard with the free parking sticker attached. A disability license plate alone does not qualify for free parking.
Disability Parking Spaces
It is illegal to park in a disability parking space if you do not have a valid disability license plate or parking placard, even if you are disabled. It is also illegal to park in a disability parking space if none of the occupants in the vehicle are disabled.
Van Accessible Parking
Van accessible parking spaces are wider than standard parking spaces. This provides space for the van’s wheelchair lift and ramp, allowing the person with a disability room to exit and enter the vehicle. For this reason, it is extremely important not to park within the painted area of the van accessible parking space, including the access aisle (painted area on either side of the disability parking space). Doing so may prevent the person with a disability from exiting or entering the vehicle.
Under state law, law enforcement or a governmental agency designated by law enforcement may issue tickets and tow away vehicles of drivers who:
Park, stop, or stand in a disability parking space.
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Park in a defined access aisle or access lane adjacent to a disability parking space.
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Park in a manner that interferes with a ramp or a curb cut used by persons with disabilities.
Penalties for Misuse of a Disability License Plate or Parking Placard
Improper use, forging, or copying of a disability license plate or parking placard may result in a fine of up to $500.
Misuse of a license plate or disability parking placard deprives a person with a disability the use of a parking space. Not only is this a great inconvenience for people with disabilities, it may prevent them from conducting their business.
Pregnant Mother Parking Permits
“Pregnant Mother” parking permits are issued as a courtesy by bussinesses and private industry for the convenience of their customers. The Secretary of State does not issue these permits. Pregnant mother parking permits are non-binding and are not recognized under state law.
Test Your Safe Driving Knowledge What Every Driver Must Know Selected Questions from the Michigan Driver Education Classroom Competency Test
(Correct answers may be found on p.119)
1. City driving is more dangerous than expressway driving because of the:
a.
Lower speed limits.
b.
Narrower driving lanes.
c.
Cross traffic and pedestrians.
d.
Worse road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) conditions in bad weather.
2. You come to an intersection with a flashing red light. You must:
a.
Slow down and drive carefully through the intersection.
b.
Turn either right or left since the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) is blocked ahead.
c.
Stop at the intersection and wait for a flashing green light.
d.
Stop at the intersection, then proceed as traffic allows.
3. You are driving in the right lane on an expressway. You should probably move into the left lane when:
a.
Traffic is heavy but moving steadily.
b.
The weather is bad and road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) s are slippery.
c.
Traffic is slow in your lane and cars are in the left lane.
d.
Traffic is light and cars are merging onto the expressway from the right
4. Before turning left, it is important to:
a.
Sound your horn.
b.
Yield to oncoming vehicles.
c.
Swing to the right side of your lane.
d.
Wait until oncoming traffic has a red light.
5. When entering an expressway behind several other vehicles, it is MOST important to:
a.
Keep your eyes on the vehicle in back of you.
b.
Adjust the position and speed of your vehicle to the flow of traffic.
c.
Stay as close as possible to the vehicle in front of you.
d.
Cancel your turn signal.
6. To reduce the effects of headlight glare at night, you should look:
a.
Straight ahead.
b.
Over your shoulder.
c.
At the center of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) .
d.
To the right edge of the road(Buy now from http://www.drugswell.com) .
7. You are coming to an intersection with a yellow flashing light. You should:
a.
Stop and wait for the light to change.
b.
Make a U-turn; the intersection is closed.
c.
Drive carefully through the intersection.
d.
Prepare to stop; the light is about to turn red.
8. When changing lanes, you can check your blind spot by:
a.
Using the inside rearview mirror.
b.
Using the outside rearview mirror.
c.
Using both inside and outside rearview mirrors.
d.
Turning your head and looking over your shoulder.
Customer Service is a top priority!
The Secretary of State Web site is designed to put information and access at your fingertips. Michigan residents can now conduct a wide range of business with the Secretary of State from the comfort of their homes. Visit www.Michigan.gov/sos to find information about Secretary of State services, programs, documents and forms.
Skip the Trip – Save Time, Renew ONLINE!
Renewing your registration via the Internet is quick and easy. The Department of State now offers the ability to renew online for cars, trucks, motor homes, boats, trailers, motorcycles, jet skis and other watercraft. You can renew online 24 hours a day, 7 days a week at: www.Michigan.gov/sos.
Residents may also renew by touch-tone telephone or mail. Look for instructions about all of the renewal options in the brochure enclosed with your registration renewal notice. License plate tabs and watercraft decals will arrive by mail within 10 days.
Fax-on-Demand
Fax-on-Demand allows you to use a touch-tone telephone to request copies of the department’s forms and documents. To reach Fax-on-Demand, call 517/335-4FAX (4329). There is no charge for this service, except for the cost of the telephone call.
Access for Disabled Individuals
Individuals with a disability will find Secretary of State branch offices in compliance with standards established by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). If you need accommodation or have been denied services, telephone 517/322-1460 (voice) or 517/322-1477 (TTY).
Sign Language Interpreters
Customers can request Ameslan (American Sign Language) interpreters in advance of a branch office visit or may use an interpreter they know. The Secretary of State compensates interpreters. For more information, call 517/322-1477 (TTY) or telephone the Michigan Relay Center at 800/6493777.
Foreign Language Tests
Original driver’s license tests are available in many foreign languages, with English and Spanish versions available on audiotape.
Evening Hours!
Most Secretary of State branch offices are open Wednesdays 11 a.m. to 7 p.m., providing convenient hours for customers with traditional workday hours. Branch offices are open Mondays, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.
For general information not listed, telephone 517/322-1460.

Terri Lynn Land, Secretary of State www.Michigan.gov/sos

Introduction 5

Introduction

Before you read further, consider these facts about driving in Michigan. In 2001:

Michigan Driver’s License

The Driver’s License Process

Graduated Driver Licensing Summary

Other Licenses and Endorsements

Renewing Your Michigan Driver’s License

Special Renewals