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Chamomile

Scientific Name(s): Matricaria recutita L., Family: Asteraceae (daisy). Synonyms: Chamomilla , Chamomilla recutita , Matricaria chamomilla , Matricaria suavoelens , and Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. Family: Asteraceae (daisy). Synonym: Anthemis nobilis L.

Common Name(s): Matricaria recutita is known as German , Hungarian , wild , or genuine chamomile. Chamaemelum nobile is commonly called English , Roman , Scotch , garden , lawn , sweet , true , or common chamomile.

Uses of Chamomile

Chamomile is used topically in skin and mucous membrane inflammations and skin diseases. It can be inhaled for respiratory tract inflammations or irritations; used in baths as irrigation for anogenital inflammation; and used internally for GI spasms and inflammatory diseases. However, clinical trials supporting any use of chamomile are limited.

Chamomile Dosing

Chamomile has been used as a tea for various conditions and as a topical cream. Typical oral doses are 9 to 15 g/day. Gargles made from 8 g chamomile flowers in 1,000 mL of water have been used in clinical trials.

Contraindications

The use of chamomile-containing preparations is contraindicated in persons with hypersensitivity to ragweed pollens.

Pregnancy/Lactation

Unreferenced adverse reactions have been cited. Avoid use during pregnancy. No clinical data are available on use during lactation.

Chamomile Interactions

Possible interactions have been reported with warfarin or cyclosporine. Because warfarin and cyclosporine have a narrow therapeutic index, patients taking either of these medications in other than modest amounts should avoid concurrent use of chamomile.

Chamomile Adverse Reactions

Use of the tea and essential oil has resulted in anaphylaxis, contact dermatitis, and other severe hypersensitivity reactions. Cross-reactivity to asters, chrysanthemums, ragweed, and other members of the Asteraceae family exists.

Toxicology

Animal studies report low toxicity with oral ingestion of chamomile.

Botany

M. recutita grows as an erect annual, and Chamaemelum nobilis is a slow-growing perennial. The fragrant flowering heads of both plants are collected and dried for use as teas and extracts.

History

Known since Roman times for their medicinal properties, both plants have been used as antispasmodics and sedatives in the treatment of digestive and rheumatic disorders. Teas have been used to treat parasitic worm infections, and as hair tints and conditioners. The volatile oil has been used to flavor cigarette tobacco.

Chamomile has been used as a skin wash to cleanse wounds and ulcers, and to increase the sloughing of necrotic tissue and promote granulation and epithelialization. Chamomile is also reported to have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, astringent, and deodorant properties. Various formulations of chamomile have been used to treat colic, cystitis, fever, flatulence, and vomiting.

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